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Class 12 RD Sharma Solutions – Chapter 29 The Plane – Exercise 29.8

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Question 1. Find the equation of the plane which is parallel to 2x – 3y + z = 0 and passes through the point (1, –1, 2).

Solution:

We know that the equation of a plane parallel to 2x – 3y + z = 0 is given by:

2x – 3y + z + λ = 0 

Since the plane passes through the point (1, –1, 2), we have:

2(1) – 3(–1) + 2 + λ = 0 

⇒ λ = –7

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

2x – 3y + z + (-7) = 0 

2x – 3y + z – 7= 0 is the required equation.

Question 2. Find the equation of the plane through (3, 4, –1) which is parallel to the plane \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+5\hat{k})+2=0.

Solution:

The given plane passes through the vector 3\hat{i}+4\hat{j}-\hat{k}   . Thus,

(3\hat{i}+4\hat{j}-\hat{k}).(2\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+5\hat{k})+ λ=0.

(3)(2) + (4)(-3) + (-1)(5) + λ = 0

⇒  Î» = 11

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+5\hat{k})+11=0   is the required equation.

Question 3. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes 2x – 7y + 4z – 3 = 0 and 3x – 5y + 4z + 11 = 0 and the point (–2, 1, 3).

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:
(2x – 7y + 4z – 3) + λ(3x – 5y + 4z + 11) = 0

⇒ x(2 + 3λ) + y(–7 – 5λ) + z(4 + 4λ) – 3 + 11λ = 0

Also, since the plane passes through the point (–2, 1, 3), we have:

(–2)(2 + 3λ) + (1)(–7 – 5λ) + (3)(4 + 4λ) – 3 + 11λ = 0

⇒ Î» = 1/6 

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(2 + 3(1/6)) + y(–7 – 5(1/6)) + z(4 + 4(1/6)) – 3 + 11(1/6) = 0

15x – 47y + 28z = 7 is the required equation.

Question 4. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point 2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k}   and passing through the line of intersection of the planes \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})=0   and \vec{r}.(\hat{j}+\hat{k})=0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

\vec{r}.[(\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})+λ(\hat{j}+2\hat{k})]=0

Also, since the plane passes through point 2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k}   , we have:

(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})(\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})+λ(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})(\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=0

⇒  Î» = 6

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

\vec{r}.(\hat{i}+9\hat{j}+11\hat{k})=0   is the required equation.

Question 5. Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of 2x – y = 0 and 3z – y = 0 and perpendicular to 4x + 5y – 3z = 8.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

2x – y + λ(3z – y) = 0

⇒ 2x + y(–1 – λ) + z(3λ) = 0

Since the planes are perpendicular, we have:

2(4) + (–5)(–1 – λ) + (–3)(3λ) = 0

⇒ Î» = 3/14 

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

2x + y(–1 – 3/14) + z(3(3/14)) = 0

28x – 17y + 9z = 0 is the required equation.

Question 6. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of planes x + 2y + 3z – 4 = 0 and 2x + y – z + 5 = 0 and is perpendicular to the plane 5x + 3y – 6z + 8 = 0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x + 2y + 3z – 4 + λ(2x + y – z + 5) = 0

⇒ x(1 + 2λ) + y(2 + λ) + z(3 – λ) – 4 + 5λ = 0

Since the planes are perpendicular, we have:

5(1 + 2λ) + 3(2 + λ) + (–6)(3 – λ) = 0

⇒  Î» = 7/19

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(1 + 2(7/19)) + y(2 + 7/19) + z(3 – 7/19) – 4 + 5(7/19) = 0

33x + 45y + 50z – 41 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 7. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z + 4 = 0 and  x – y + z + 3 = 0 and passing through the origin.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x + 2y + 3z + 4 + λ(x – y + z + 3) = 0

⇒ x(1 + λ) + y(2 – λ) + z(3 + λ) + 4 + 3λ = 0

Also, since the plane passes through the origin, we have:

0(1 + λ) + 0(2 – λ) + 0(3 + λ) + 4 + 3λ = 0

⇒ λ = -4/3 

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

 x(1 + (-4/3)) + y(2 – (-4/3)) + z(3 + (-4/3)) + 4 + 3(-4/3) = 0

x – 10y – 5z = 0 is the required equation.

Question 8. Find the vector equation in scalar product form of the plane containing the line of intersection of the planes x – 3y + 2z – 5 = 0 and 2x – y + 3z – 1 = 0 and passing through (1, –2, 3).

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x – 3y + 2z – 5 + λ(2x – y + 3z – 1) = 0

⇒ x(1 + 2λ) + y(–3 – λ) + z(2 + 3λ) – 5 – λ = 0

Also, since the plane passes through the origin, we have:

1(1 + 2λ) + (–2)(–3 – λ) + 3(2 + 3λ) – 5 – λ = 0

⇒  Î» = -2/3

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(1 + 2(-2/3)) + y(–3 – (-2/3)) + z(2 + 3(-2/3)) – 5 – (-2/3) = 0

\vec{r}.(\hat{i}+7\hat{j})+13=0  is the required equation.

Question 9. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of planes x + 2y + 3z – 4 = 0 and 2x + y – z + 5 = 0 and is perpendicular to the plane 5x + 3y + 6z + 8 = 0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x + 2y + 3z – 4 + λ(2x + y – z + 5) = 0

⇒ x(1 + 2λ) + y(2 + λ) + z(3 – λ) – 4 + 5λ = 0

We know that two planes are perpendicular when a_1a_2+b_1b_2+c_1c_2=0.

⇒ 5(1 + 2λ) + 3(2 + λ) + 6(3 – λ) = 0

⇒ Î» = -29/7

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(1 + 2(-29/7)) + y(2 + (-29/7)) + z(3 – (-29/7)) – 4 + 5(-29/7) = 0

51x + 15y – 50z + 173 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 10. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+3\hat{j})+6=0  and \vec{r}.(3\hat{i}-\hat{j}-4\hat{k})=0  and which is at a unit distance from the origin.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x(1 + 3λ) + y(3 + λ) – 4zλ + 6 = 0

Distance from plane to the origin = 1

⇒ |\frac{6}{\sqrt{(1+3λ )^2+(3-λ)^2+(4λ)^2}}|=1

⇒ λ = ±1

Hence, 4x + 2y – 4z + 6 = 0 and –2x + 2y + 4z + 6 = 0 are the required equations.

Question 11. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes 2x + 3y – z + 1 = 0 and x + y – 2z + 3 = 0 and perpendicular to the plane 3x – 2y – z – 4 = 0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

2x + 3y – z + 1  + λ(x + y – 2z + 3) = 0

⇒ x(2 + λ) + y(3 + λ) + z(–1 – 2λ) + 1 + 3λ = 0

We know that two planes are perpendicular when a_1a_2+b_1b_2+c_1c_2=0.

⇒ 3(2 + λ) + (–1)(3 + λ) + (–2)(–1 – 2λ) = 0

⇒  Î» = -5/6

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(2 + (-5/6)) + y(3 + (-5/6)) + z(–1 – 2(-5/6)) + 1 + 3(-5/6) = 0

7x + 13y + 4z – 9 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 12. Find the equation of the plane that contains the line of intersection of the planes \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})-4=0 and \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})+5=0 and which is perpendicular to the plane \vec{r}.(5\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-6\hat{k})+8=0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

\vec{r}.(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})-4+λ(\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})+5)=0

⇒ \vec{r}.[(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})+λ(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})]-4+5λ=0

We know that two planes are perpendicular if \vec{n_1}.\vec{n_2}=0

⇒ [(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})+λ(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})](5\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-6\hat{k})=0

⇒ 5(1 + 2λ) + 3(2 + λ) + (–6)(3 – λ) = 0

⇒  Î» = 7/19

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

33x + 45y + 50z – 41 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 13. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of planes \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})=6 and \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})=5 and the point (1, 1, 1).

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

\vec{r}.(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})-6+λ(\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})-5)=0

⇒ x(1 + 2λ) + y(1 + 3λ) +z(1 + 4λ) = 6  â€“ 5λ

Also, since the plane passes through the point(1, 1, 1), we have:

1(1 + 2λ) + 1(1 + 3λ) +1(1 + 4λ) = 6  â€“ 5λ

⇒ Î» = 3/14

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(1 + 2(3/14)) + y(1 + 3(3/14)) +z(1 + 4(3/14)) = 6  â€“ 5(3/14)

\vec{r}.(20\hat{i}+23\hat{j}+26\hat{k})=69 is the required equation.

Question 14. Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=7 and \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=9 and the point (2, 1, 3).

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+\hat{j}+3\hat{k})-7+λ(\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+3\hat{k})-9)=0

⇒ \vec{r}.[(2+2λ)\hat{i}+(1+5λ)\hat{j}+(3+3λ)\hat{k}]-7-9λ=0

Also, since the plane passes through the point (2, 1, 3) we have:

9λ = –7

⇒ Î» = -7/9 

Substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-13\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=0 is the required equation.

Question 15. Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 3x – y + 2z = 4 and x + y + z = 2 and the point (2, 2, 1).

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

3x – y + 2z – 4  + λ(x + y + z  â€“ 2) = 0

Also, since the plane passes through the point (2, 2, 1), we have:

λ = -2/3

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

3x – y + 2z – 4  + (-2/3)(x + y + z  â€“ 2) = 0

7x – 5y + 4z = 0 is the required equation.

Question 16. Find the vector equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5 which is perpendicular to the plane x – y + z = 0.

Solution:

The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is:

x + 2y + z – 1  + λ(2x + 3y + 4z – 5) = 0

⇒ x(1 + 2λ) + y(1 + 3λ) +z(1 + 4λ) = 1 + 5λ

We know that two planes are perpendicular when a_1a_2+b_1b_2+c_1c_2=0.

⇒ 1(1 + 2λ) + (–1)(1 + 3λ) + 1(1 + 4λ) = 1 + 5λ 

⇒ Î» = -1/3 

On substituting the value of  Î» in the equation, we have:

x(1 + 2(-1/3)) + y(1 + 3(-1/3)) + z(1 + 4(-1/3)) = 1 + 5(-1/3)

x – z + 2 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 17. Find the equation of the plane passing through (a, b, c) and parallel to the plane \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})=2.

Solution:

Equation of the family of planes parallel to the given plane = \vec{r}.(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})=d

Since the plane passes through (a, b, c), we have:

a + b + c = d

Substituting the above equation in the equation of family of planes we have:

\vec{r}(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})=a+b+c

Hence, x + y + z = a + b + c is the required equation of the plane.



Last Updated : 16 Jun, 2021
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