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Count pairs of equal elements possible by excluding each array element once

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Given an array arr[] of N integers, the task for each array element is to find the number of ways of choosing a pair of two equal elements excluding the current element.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {1, 1, 2, 1, 2}
Output: 2 2 3 2 3
Explanation: 
For arr[0] (= 1): The remaining array elements are {1, 2, 1, 2}. Possible choice of pairs are (1, 1), (2, 2). Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[1] (= 1): The remaining array elements are {1, 2, 1, 2}. Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[2] (= 2): The remaining array elements are {1, 1, 1, 2}. Possible choice of pairs are (arr[0], arr[1]), (arr[1], arr[2]) and (arr[0], arr[2]). Therefore, count is 3.
For arr[3] (= 1): The remaining elements are {1, 1, 2, 2}. Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[4] (= 2): The remaining elements are {1, 1, 2, 1}. Therefore, count is 3.

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 1}  
Output: 5 7 5 7 7 5 7 5                    

 

Naive Approach: The simplest approach to solve this problem is to traverse the array for each array element, count all possible pairs of equal elements from the remaining array.

Implementation:-

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[], int N)
{
      //Taking this loop to not consider element at index i
      for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
    {
          //count for excluding arr[i]
          int count=0;
           
          //Counting all pairs except arr[i]
          for(int j=0;j<N-1;j++)
        {
              if(j==i)continue;
              for(int k=j+1;k<N;k++)
            {
                  //k point to i which we don't have to consider
                  if(k==i) continue;
                  if(arr[k]==arr[j])count++;
            }
        }
          cout<<count<<" ";
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
}


Java




/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
 
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
      public static void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[], int N)
    {
           
          //Taking this loop to not consider element at index i
          for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
        {
               
              //count for excluding arr[i]
              int count=0;
           
              //Counting all pairs except arr[i]
              for(int j=0;j<N-1;j++)
            {
                  if(j==i)continue;
                  for(int k=j+1;k<N;k++)
                {
                      //k point to i which we don't have to consider
                      if(k==i) continue;
                      if(arr[k]==arr[j])count++;
                }
            }
              System.out.print(count+" ");
        }
    }
    public static void main (String[] args) {
          //size of array
        int N = 5;
       
          //array
        int arr[]={1,1,2,1,2};
       
          //calling function
          countEqualElementPairs(arr,N);
    }
}
//this code is contributed by shubhamrajput6156


Python3




# Function to count the number of required pairs for every array element
def countEqualElementPairs(arr, N):
    # Taking this loop to not consider element at index i
    for i in range(N):
        # count for excluding arr[i]
        count = 0
 
        # Counting all pairs except arr[i]
        for j in range(N-1):
            if j == i:
                continue
            for k in range(j+1, N):
                # k point to i which we don't have to consider
                if k == i:
                    continue
                if arr[k] == arr[j]:
                    count += 1
        print(count, end=" ")
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Given array
    arr = [1, 1, 2, 1, 2]
    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N)


Javascript




// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
function countEqualElementPairs(arr) {
    const N = arr.length;
     
    //Taking this loop to not consider element at index i
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        //count for excluding arr[i]
        let count = 0;
 
        //Counting all pairs except arr[i]
        for (let j = 0; j < N - 1; j++) {
            if (j === i) continue;
            for (let k = j + 1; k < N; k++) {
                //k point to i which we don't have to consider
                if (k === i) continue;
                if (arr[k] === arr[j]) count++;
            }
        }
        console.log(count);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
const arr = [1, 1, 2, 1, 2];
 
countEqualElementPairs(arr);


C#




// C# program
using System;
 
class GFG {
    static void countEqualElementPairs(int[] arr, int N)
    {
        // Taking this loop to not consider element at index
        // i
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // count for excluding arr[i]
            int count = 0;
 
            // Counting all pairs except arr[i]
            for (int j = 0; j < N - 1; j++) {
                if (j == i)
                    continue;
                for (int k = j + 1; k < N; k++) {
                    // k point to i which we don't have to
                    // consider
                    if (k == i)
                        continue;
                    if (arr[k] == arr[j])
                        count++;
                }
            }
            Console.Write(count + " ");
        }
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Given array
        int[] arr = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
        // Size of the array
        int N = arr.Length;
 
        countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
    }
}


Output

2 2 3 2 3 

Time Complexity: O(N3)  
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: The above approach can be optimized based on the observation that, for any ith index (1 ≤ i ≤ N), calculate the following two values:

  • The number of ways to choose two distinct elements having equal values from the array.
  • The number of ways to choose an element from the N − 1 array elements other than the ith element such that their values are the same as the value of the ith element.

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

  1. Initialize a map, say mp, to store the frequency of every array element.
  2. Traverse the map to count the number of pairs made up of equal values. Store the count in a variable, say total.
  3. Traverse the array and for every ith index, print total – (mp[arr[i]] – 1) as the required answer.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[], int N)
{
    // Initialize a map
    unordered_map<int, int> mp;
 
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        mp[arr[i]] += 1;
    }
 
    // Stores the count of pairs
    int total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    for (auto i : mp) {
 
        // Count the number of ways to
        // select pairs consisting of
        // equal elements only
        total += (i.second * (i.second - 1)) / 2;
    }
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Print the count for
        // every array element
        cout << total - (mp[arr[i]] - 1)
             << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
}


Java




/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
 
class GFG
{
   
  // Function to count the number of
  // required pairs for every array element
  public static void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[],
                                            int N)
  {
     
    // Initialize a map
    HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
     
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
      Integer k = map.get(arr[i]);
      map.put(arr[i], (k == null) ? 1 : k + 1);
    }
     
    // Stores the count of pairs
    int total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> e :
         map.entrySet())
    {
       
      // Count the number of ways to
      // select pairs consisting of
      // equal elements only
      total
        += (e.getValue() * (e.getValue() - 1)) / 2;
    }
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
      // Print the count for
      // every array element
      System.out.print(total - (map.get(arr[i]) - 1)
                       + " ");
    }
  }
 
  // Driver code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
     
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = 5;
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adity7409.


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to count the number of
# required pairs for every array element
def countEqualElementPairs(arr, N):
   
    # Initialize a map
    mp = {}
 
    # Update the frequency
    # of every element
    for i in range(N):
        if arr[i] in mp:
            mp[arr[i]] += 1
        else:
            mp[arr[i]] = 1
 
    # Stores the count of pairs
    total = 0
 
    # Traverse the map
    for key,value in mp.items():
       
        # Count the number of ways to
        # select pairs consisting of
        # equal elements only
        total += (value * (value - 1)) / 2
 
    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N):
       
        # Print the count for
        # every array element
        print(int(total - (mp[arr[i]] - 1)),end = " ")
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
   
    # Given array
    arr = [1, 1, 2, 1, 2]
 
    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N)
     
    # This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR.


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
static void countEqualElementPairs(int[] arr, int N)
{
 
    // Initialize a map
    Dictionary<int,
               int> map = new Dictionary<int,
                                         int>();
 
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        if (!map.ContainsKey(arr[i]))
            map[arr[i]] = 1;
        else
            map[arr[i]]++;
    }
 
    // Stores the count of pairs
    int total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    foreach(KeyValuePair<int, int> e in map)
    {
         
        // Count the number of ways to
        // select pairs consisting of
        // equal elements only
        total += (e.Value * (e.Value - 1)) / 2;
    }
 
    // Traverse the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // Print the count for
        // every array element
        Console.Write(total - (map[arr[i]] - 1) + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main()
{
     
    // Given array
    int[] arr = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = 5;
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ukasp


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
function countEqualElementPairs(arr, N)
{
     
    // Initialize a map
    var mp = new Map();
 
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for(var i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        if (mp.has(arr[i]))
        {
            mp.set(arr[i], mp.get(arr[i]) + 1);
        }
        else
        {
            mp.set(arr[i], 1);
        }
    }
 
    // Stores the count of pairs
    var total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    mp.forEach((value, key) => {
         
        // Count the number of ways to
        // select pairs consisting of
        // equal elements only
        total += (value * (value - 1)) / 2;
    });
 
    // Traverse the array
    for(var i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // Print the count for
        // every array element
        document.write(total -
                      (mp.get(arr[i]) - 1) + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
 
// Given array
var arr = [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 ];
 
// Size of the array
var N = arr.length;
countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
 
// This code is contributed by rutvik_56
 
</script>


Output: 

2 2 3 2 3

 

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 22 Mar, 2023
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