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Count points which are revisited while following the path specified by a given string

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Given a string S representing a sequence of moves(L, R, U, and D) and two integers X and Y representing the starting coordinates, the task is to find the number of positions that are revisited while following the directions specified in the given string according to the following rules:

  • If the current character is L, then decrement x-coordinate by 1.
  • If the current character is R, then increment x-coordinate by 1.
  • If the current character is U, then increment y-coordinate by 1.
  • If the current character is D, then decrement y-coordinate by 1.

Examples:

Input: S = “RDDUDL”, X = 0, Y = 0
Output: 2
Explanation: Initially the coordinate is (0, 0). The change of coordinates according to the given order of traversal is as follows: 
(0, 0) -> (1, 0) -> (1, -1) -> (1, -2) -> (1, -1) -> (1, -2) -> (0, -2)
Therefore, the number of times a coordinate is revisited is 2.

Input: S = “RDDUDL”, X = 2, Y = 3
Output: 2

 

Approach: Follow the given steps to solve the problem:

  • Initialize a HashSet of pairs that stores the pair of coordinates visited while traversing the given string and the current coordinates in the HashSet.
  • Traverse the given string S and perform the following steps:
    • Update the value of the coordinates {X, Y} according to the given rule.
    • Check if the updated coordinate is present in the HashSet or not. If found to be true, then increment count by 1. Otherwise, continue.
  • After completing the above steps, print the value of the count as the result.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the number of times
// already visited position is revisited
// after starting traversal from {X, Y}
int count(string S, int X, int Y)
{
    int N = S.length();
 
    // Stores the x and y temporarily
    int temp_x = 0, temp_y = 0;
 
    // Stores the number of times an
    // already visited position
    // is revisited
    int count = 0;
 
    // Initialize hashset
    set<pair<int, int> > s;
 
    // Insert the starting coordinates
    s.insert({ X, Y });
 
    // Traverse over the string
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        temp_x = X;
        temp_y = Y;
 
        // Update the coordinates according
        // to the current directions
        if (S[i] == 'U') {
            X++;
        }
        else if (S[i] == 'D') {
            X--;
        }
        else if (S[i] == 'R') {
            Y++;
        }
        else {
            Y--;
        }
 
        // If the new {X, Y} has been
        // visited before, then
        // increment the count by 1
        if (s.find({ temp_x + X, temp_y + Y })
            != s.end()) {
            count++;
        }
 
        // Otherwise
        else {
 
            // Insert new {x, y}
            s.insert({ temp_x + X,
                       temp_y + Y });
        }
    }
 
    return count;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    string S = "RDDUDL";
    int X = 0, Y = 0;
    cout << count(S, X, Y);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
  // Function to find the number of times
  // already visited position is revisited
  // after starting traversal from {X, Y}
  static int count(String S, int X, int Y)
  {
    int N = S.length();
 
    // Stores the x and y temporarily
    int temp_x = 0, temp_y = 0;
 
    // Stores the number of times an
    // already visited position
    // is revisited
    int count = 0;
 
    // Initialize hashset
    HashSet<String> s = new HashSet<>();
 
    // Insert the starting coordinates
    s.add((X + "#" + Y));
 
    // Traverse over the string
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      temp_x = X;
      temp_y = Y;
 
      // Update the coordinates according
      // to the current directions
      if (S.charAt(i) == 'U') {
        X++;
      }
      else if (S.charAt(i) == 'D') {
        X--;
      }
      else if (S.charAt(i) == 'R') {
        Y++;
      }
      else {
        Y--;
      }
 
      // If the new {X, Y} has been
      // visited before, then
      // increment the count by 1
      if (s.contains((temp_x + X) + "#"
                     + (temp_y + Y))) {
        count++;
      }
 
      // Otherwise
      else {
 
        // Insert new {x, y}
        s.add((temp_x + X) + "#" + (temp_y + Y));
      }
    }
 
    return count;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
 
    String S = "RDDUDL";
    int X = 0, Y = 0;
    System.out.print(count(S, X, Y));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Kingash.


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to find the number of times
# already visited position is revisited
# after starting traversal from {X, Y}
def count(S, X, Y):
    N = len(S)
 
    # Stores the x and y temporarily
    temp_x, temp_y = 0, 0
 
    # Stores the number of times an
    # already visited position
    # is revisited
    count = 0
 
    # Initialize hashset
    s = {}
 
    # Insert the starting coordinates
    s[(X, Y)] = 1
 
    # Traverse over the string
    for i in range(N):
        temp_x = X
        temp_y = Y
 
        # Update the coordinates according
        # to the current directions
        if (S[i] == 'U'):
            X += 1
        elif (S[i] == 'D'):
            X -= 1
        elif (S[i] == 'R'):
            Y += 1
        else:
            Y -= 1
 
        # If the new {X, Y} has been
        # visited before, then
        # increment the count by 1
        if ((temp_x + X, temp_y + Y ) in s):
            count += 1
        # Otherwise
        else:
            # Insert new {x, y}
            s[(temp_x + X,temp_y + Y )] = 1
    return count
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    S = "RDDUDL"
    X,Y = 0, 0
    print (count(S, X, Y))
 
    # This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29.


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class GFG
{
 
  // Function to find the number of times
  // already visited position is revisited
  // after starting traversal from {X, Y}
  static int count(String S, int X, int Y)
  {
    int N = S.Length;
 
    // Stores the x and y temporarily
    int temp_x = 0, temp_y = 0;
 
    // Stores the number of times an
    // already visited position
    // is revisited
    int count = 0;
 
    // Initialize hashset
    HashSet<String> s = new HashSet<String>();
 
    // Insert the starting coordinates
    s.Add((X + "#" + Y));
 
    // Traverse over the string
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      temp_x = X;
      temp_y = Y;
 
      // Update the coordinates according
      // to the current directions
      if (S[i] == 'U') {
        X++;
      }
      else if (S[i] == 'D') {
        X--;
      }
      else if (S[i] == 'R') {
        Y++;
      }
      else {
        Y--;
      }
 
      // If the new {X, Y} has been
      // visited before, then
      // increment the count by 1
      if (s.Contains((temp_x + X) + "#"
                     + (temp_y + Y))) {
        count++;
      }
 
      // Otherwise
      else {
 
        // Insert new {x, y}
        s.Add((temp_x + X) + "#" + (temp_y + Y));
      }
    }
    return count;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
    String S = "RDDUDL";
    int X = 0, Y = 0;
    Console.Write(count(S, X, Y));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript program for the above approach
 
// Function to find the number of times
// already visited position is revisited
// after starting traversal from {X, Y}
function count(S, X, Y){
    let N = S.length;
  
    // Stores the x and y temporarily
    let temp_x = 0, temp_y = 0;
  
    // Stores the number of times an
    // already visited position
    // is revisited
    let count = 0;
  
    // Initialize hashset
    let s = new Set();
  
    // Insert the starting coordinates
    s.add((X + "#" + Y));
  
    // Traverse over the string
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      temp_x = X;
      temp_y = Y;
  
      // Update the coordinates according
      // to the current directions
      if (S[i] == 'U') {
        X++;
      }
      else if (S[i] == 'D') {
        X--;
      }
      else if (S[i] == 'R') {
        Y++;
      }
      else {
        Y--;
      }
  
      // If the new {X, Y} has been
      // visited before, then
      // increment the count by 1
      if (s.has((temp_x + X) + "#"
                     + (temp_y + Y))) {
        count++;
      }
  
      // Otherwise
      else {
  
        // Insert new {x, y}
        s.add((temp_x + X) + "#" + (temp_y + Y));
      }
    }
  
    return count;
}
  
 
// Driver Code
 
    let S = "RDDUDL";
    let X = 0, Y = 0;
    document.write(count(S, X, Y));
   
</script>       


Output: 

2

 

Time Complexity: O(N*log N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 28 May, 2021
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