C was developed by Dennis Ritchie between the year 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs. |
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. |
C does no support polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance which means that C does not support object oriented programming. |
C++ supports polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance because it is an object oriented programming language. |
C is (mostly) a subset of C++. |
C++ is (mostly) a superset of C. |
Number of keywords in C: * C90: 32 * C99: 37 * C11: 44 * C23: 59 |
Number of keywords in C++: * C++98: 63 * C++11: 73 * C++17: 73 * C++20: 81 |
For the development of code, C supports procedural programming. |
C++ is known as hybrid language because C++ supports both procedural and object oriented programming paradigms. |
Data and functions are separated in C because it is a procedural programming language. |
Data and functions are encapsulated together in form of an object in C++. |
C does not support information hiding. |
Data is hidden by the Encapsulation to ensure that data structures and operators are used as intended. |
Built-in data types is supported in C. |
Built-in & user-defined data types is supported in C++. |
C is a function driven language because C is a procedural programming language. |
C++ is an object driven language because it is an object oriented programming. |
Function and operator overloading is not supported in C. |
Function and operator overloading is supported by C++. |
C is a function-driven language. |
C++ is an object-driven language |
Functions in C are not defined inside structures. |
Functions can be used inside a structure in C++. |
Namespace features are not present inside the C. |
Namespace is used by C++, which avoid name collisions. |
Standard IO header is stdio.h. |
Standard IO header is iostream.h. |
Reference variables are not supported by C. |
Reference variables are supported by C++. |
Virtual and friend functions are not supported by C. |
Virtual and friend functions are supported by C++. |
C does not support inheritance. |
C++ supports inheritance. |
Instead of focusing on data, C focuses on method or process. |
C++ focuses on data instead of focusing on method or procedure. |
C provides malloc() and calloc() functions for dynamic memory allocation, and free() for memory de-allocation. |
C++ provides new operator for memory allocation and delete operator for memory de-allocation. |
Direct support for exception handling is not supported by C. |
Exception handling is supported by C++. |
scanf() and printf() functions are used for input/output in C. |
cin and cout are used for input/output in C++. |
C structures don’t have access modifiers. |
C ++ structures have access modifiers. |
C follows the top-down approach |
C++ follows the Bottom-up approach |
There is no strict type checking in C programming language. |
Strict type checking in done in C++. So many programs that run well in C compiler will result in many warnings and errors under C++ compiler. |
C does not support overloading |
C++ does support overloading |
Type punning with unions is allows (C99 and later) |
Type punning with unions is undefined behavior (except in very specific circumstances) |
Named initializers may appear out of order |
Named initializers must match the data layout of the struct |
File extension is “.c” |
File extension is “.cpp” or “.c++” or “.cc” or “.cxx” |
Meta-programming: macros + _Generic() |
Meta-programming: templates (macros are still supported but discouraged) |
There are 32 keywords in the C |
There are 97 keywords in the C++ |