Find strings that end with a given suffix

Last Updated : 10 Mar, 2023

Given a set of strings S and a string P, the task is to print all strings from the set with the suffix P. Examples:

Input: S = {“geeks”, “geeksforgeeks”, “geek”, “newgeeks”, “friendsongeeks”, “toppergeek”} P = “geeks”
Output: geeks friendsongeeks geeksforgeeks newgeeks
Input: S = {“wideworld”, “webworld”, “classicword”, “world”, “worldclass”} P = “world”
Output: wideworld webworld world

Approach: The idea is to use Pattern Searching using a Trie of all Suffixes.

Store the strings in a Trie in reverse order.
Reverse the string P and search for it using the standard Trie search algorithm.
Check if the reversed string P is itself a word in Trie, which be checked by seeing if the last matching node has isEndWord flag set.
Otherwise, if the reversed string P forms a suffix, then recursively print all nodes under the subtree of the last matching node.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ code to print all
// strings from a given set
// with suffix P
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
#define CHILD (26)
 
// Converts key current character
// into index use only 'a' through
// 'z' and lower case
#define CHAR_TO_INDEX(c) (int)(c - 'a')
 
// Trie node
struct TrieNode {
    struct TrieNode* children[CHILD];
 
    // isWordEnd is true if the node
    // represents end of a word
    bool isWordEnd;
};
 
// Function to reverse a string
string reverseStr(string str)
{
    int n = str.length();
 
    // Swap character starting from
    // two corners
    for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++)
        swap(str[i], str[n - i - 1]);
    return str;
}
 
// Returns new trie node
struct TrieNode* getNode(void)
{
    struct TrieNode* pNode = new TrieNode;
    pNode->isWordEnd = false;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
        pNode->children[i] = NULL;
 
    return pNode;
}
 
// If not present, inserts key into
// trie. If the key is suffix of trie
// node, just mark leaf node
void insert(struct TrieNode* root,
            const string key)
{
    struct TrieNode* pCrawl = root;
 
    for (int level = 0;
         level < key.length();
         level++) {
 
        int index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(key[level]);
 
        if (!pCrawl->children[index])
            pCrawl->children[index] = getNode();
 
        pCrawl = pCrawl->children[index];
    }
 
    // Mark last node as leaf
    pCrawl->isWordEnd = true;
}
 
// Returns true if key presents in
// the trie, else false
bool search(struct TrieNode* root,
            const string key)
{
    int length = key.length();
    struct TrieNode* pCrawl = root;
    for (int level = 0;
         level < length; level++) {
 
        int index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(key[level]);
 
        if (!pCrawl->children[index])
            return false;
 
        pCrawl = pCrawl->children[index];
    }
 
    return (pCrawl != NULL
            && pCrawl->isWordEnd);
}
 
// Returns 0 if current node has
// a child
// If all children are NULL, return 1
bool isLastNode(struct TrieNode* root)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
        if (root->children[i])
            return 0;
    return 1;
}
 
// Recursive function to print strings
// having given suffix
void printStrings(struct TrieNode* root,
                  string currsuffix)
{
 
    // If a string with currsuffix
    // is found
    if (root->isWordEnd) {
        cout << reverseStr(currsuffix);
        cout << endl;
        reverseStr(currsuffix);
    }
 
    // All children struct node
    // pointers are NULL
    if (isLastNode(root))
        return;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++) {
        if (root->children[i]) {
 
            // Append current character
            // to currsuffix string
            currsuffix.push_back(97 + i);
 
            // recur over the rest
            printStrings(root->children[i],
                         currsuffix);
            // remove last character
            currsuffix.pop_back();
        }
    }
}
 
// print strings with given suffix
int printStringsWithGivenSuffix(
    TrieNode* root, const string query)
{
    struct TrieNode* pCrawl = root;
 
    // Check if suffix is present
    // and find the node (of last
    // level) with last character
    // of given string.
    int level;
    int n = query.length();
    for (level = 0; level < n;
         level++) {
 
        int index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(query[level]);
 
        // no string in the Trie has
        // this suffix
        if (!pCrawl->children[index])
            return 0;
 
        pCrawl = pCrawl->children[index];
    }
 
    // If suffix is present as a word.
    bool isWord = (pCrawl->isWordEnd
                   == true);
 
    // If suffix is last node of
    // tree (has no children)
    bool isLast = isLastNode(pCrawl);
 
    // If suffix is present as a word,
    // but there is no subtree below
    // the last matching node.
    if (isWord && isLast) {
        cout << query << endl;
        return -1;
    }
 
    // If there are nodes below
    // last matching character.
    if (!isLast) {
        string suffix = query;
        printStrings(pCrawl, suffix);
        return 1;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    struct TrieNode* root = getNode();
    vector<string> S
        = { "geeks", "geeksforgeeks",
            "geek", "newgeeks",
            "friendsongeeks",
            "toppergeek" };
 
    for (string str : S) {
        insert(root,
               reverseStr(str));
    }
 
    string P = "eek";
 
    printStringsWithGivenSuffix(
        root, reverseStr(P));
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// java code to print all
// strings from a given set
// with suffix P
import java.util.*;
 
public class GFG {
 
  // Converts key current character
  // into index use only 'a' through
  // 'z' and lower case
  static final int CHILD = 26;
 
  // Trie node
  static class TrieNode {
    TrieNode[] children = new TrieNode[CHILD];
    // isWordEnd is true if the node
    // represents end of a word
    boolean isWordEnd;
  }
 
  // Function to reverse a string
  static String reverseStr(String str) {
    int n = str.length();
    char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
    for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
      char temp = chars[i];
      chars[i] = chars[n - i - 1];
      chars[n - i - 1] = temp;
    }
    return new String(chars);
  }
 
  // Returns new trie node
  static TrieNode getNode() {
    TrieNode pNode = new TrieNode();
    pNode.isWordEnd = false;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
      pNode.children[i] = null;
 
    return pNode;
  }
 
 
  // If not present, inserts key into
  // trie. If the key is suffix of trie
  // node, just mark leaf node
  static void insert(TrieNode root, String key) {
    TrieNode pCrawl = root;
 
    for (int level = 0; level < key.length(); level++) {
      int index = key.charAt(level) - 'a';
 
      if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
        pCrawl.children[index] = getNode();
 
      pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
    }
 
    // Mark last node as leaf
    pCrawl.isWordEnd = true;
  }
 
 
  // Returns true if key presents in
  // the trie, else false
  static boolean search(TrieNode root, String key) {
    int length = key.length();
    TrieNode pCrawl = root;
    for (int level = 0; level < length; level++) {
      int index = key.charAt(level) - 'a';
 
      if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
        return false;
 
      pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
    }
 
    return (pCrawl != null && pCrawl.isWordEnd);
  }
 
  // Returns 0 if current node has
  // a child
  // If all children are NULL, return 1
  static boolean isLastNode(TrieNode root) {
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
      if (root.children[i] != null)
        return false;
    return true;
  }    
 
  // Recursive function to print strings
  // having given suffix
  static void printStrings(TrieNode root, String currsuffix) {
    if (root.isWordEnd) {
      System.out.println(reverseStr(currsuffix));
      currsuffix = reverseStr(currsuffix);
    }
    if (isLastNode(root))
      return;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++) {
      if (root.children[i] != null) {
        currsuffix += (char) ('a' + i);
        printStrings(root.children[i], currsuffix);
        currsuffix = currsuffix.substring(0, currsuffix.length() - 1);
      }
    }
  }
 
 
  // check string withg given suffix 
  static int printStringsWithGivenSuffix(TrieNode root, String query) {
    TrieNode pCrawl = root;
 
    // Check if suffix is present
    // and find the node (of last
    // level) with last character
    // of given string.
    int level;
    int n = query.length();
    for (level = 0; level < n; level++) {
      int index = query.charAt(level) - 'a';
      if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
        return 0;
      pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
    }
    boolean isWord = pCrawl.isWordEnd;
    boolean isLast = isLastNode(pCrawl);
    if (isWord && isLast) {
      System.out.println(query);
      return -1;
    }
    if (!isLast) {
      String suffix = query;
      printStrings(pCrawl, suffix);
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
 
  // Driver code
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    TrieNode root = getNode();
    List<String> S = Arrays.asList("geeks", "geeksforgeeks", "geek", "newgeeks", "friendsongeeks", "toppergeek");
 
    for (String str : S) {
      insert(root, reverseStr(str));
    }
 
    String P = "eek";
 
    printStringsWithGivenSuffix(root, reverseStr(P));
  }
}
 
// this code is contributed by bhardwajji

Python

# Python3 code for the above program
class TrieNode(): 
    def __init__(self): 
         
        # Initialize one node for trie 
        self.children = {} 
        self.last = False
 
def reverse(s): 
    str = "" 
    for i in s: 
        str = i + str
    return str
 
class Trie(): 
    def __init__(self): 
         
        # Initialize the trie structure
        self.root = TrieNode() 
        self.word_list = [] 
 
    def formTrie(self, keys): 
         
        # Forms a trie structure
        # with the given set of 
        # strings if it does not
        # exists already else it 
        # merges the key into it
        # by extending the 
        # structure as required 
        for key in keys:
             
            # inserting one key
            # to the trie.
            self.insert(key)  
 
    def insert(self, key): 
         
        # Inserts a key into 
        # trie if it does not 
        # exist already. And if 
        # the key is a suffix
        # of the trie node, just 
        # marks it as leaf node. 
        node = self.root 
 
        for a in list(key): 
            if not node.children.get(a): 
                node.children[a] = TrieNode() 
 
            node = node.children[a] 
 
        node.last = True
 
    def search(self, key): 
         
        # Searches the given key
        # in trie for a full match 
        # and returns True on
        # success else returns False 
        node = self.root 
        found = True
 
        for a in list(key): 
            if not node.children.get(a): 
                found = False
                break
 
            node = node.children[a] 
 
        return node and node.last and found 
 
    def printStrings(self, node, word): 
         
        # Method to recursively
        # traverse the trie 
        # and return a whole word
        if node.last: 
            self.word_list.append(word) 
 
        for a, n in node.children.items(): 
            self.printStrings(n, word + a) 
 
    def printStringsWithGivenSuffix(self, key): 
         
        # Returns all the words in 
        # the trie whose common 
        # suffix is the given key
        # thus listing out all 
        # the strings
        node = self.root 
        not_found = False
        temp_word = '' 
 
        for a in list(key): 
            if not node.children.get(a): 
                not_found = True
                break
 
            temp_word += a 
            node = node.children[a] 
 
        if not_found: 
            return 0
        elif node.last and not node.children: 
            return -1
 
        self.printStrings(node, temp_word) 
 
        for s in self.word_list: 
            print(reverse(s)) 
        return 1
 
# Driver Code 
 
# keys to form the trie structure
keys = [reverse("geeks"), 
reverse("geeksforgeeks"), 
reverse("geek"), 
reverse("newgeeks"), 
reverse("friendsongeeks"), 
reverse("toppergeek")] 
 
# key 
key = "eek"
status = ["Not found", "Found"] 
 
# creating trie object 
t = Trie() 
 
# creating the trie structure 
# with the given set of strings
t.formTrie(keys) 
 
# print string having suffix 'P'
# our trie structure
comp = t.printStringsWithGivenSuffix(reverse(key))   

Javascript

// Javascript code to print all
// strings from a given set
// with suffix P
const CHILD = 26;
 
// Converts key current character
// into index use only 'a' through
// 'z' and lower case
const CHAR_TO_INDEX = (c) => c.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
 
// Trie node
class TrieNode {
  constructor() {
this.children = Array(CHILD).fill(null);
// isWordEnd is true if the node
// represents end of a word
this.isWordEnd = false;
  }
}
 
// Function to reverse a string
const reverseStr = (str) => str.split('').reverse().join('');
 
// Returns new trie node
const getNode = () => new TrieNode();
 
// If not present, inserts key into
// trie. If the key is suffix of trie
// node, just mark leaf node
const insert = (root, key) => {
  let pCrawl = root;
 
  for (let i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {
const index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(key[i]);
 
if (!pCrawl.children[index]) {
  pCrawl.children[index] = getNode();
}
 
pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
  }
 
  // Mark last node as leaf
  pCrawl.isWordEnd = true;
};
 
// Returns true if key presents in
// the trie, else false
const search = (root, key) => {
  const length = key.length;
  let pCrawl = root;
 
  for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
const index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(key[i]);
 
if (!pCrawl.children[index]) {
  return false;
}
 
pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
  }
 
  return pCrawl !== null && pCrawl.isWordEnd;
};
 
 
// Returns 0 if current node has
// a child
// If all children are NULL, return 1
const isLastNode = (root) => {
  for (let i = 0; i < CHILD; i++) {
if (root.children[i]) {
  return false;
}
  }
  return true;
};
 
// Recursive function to print strings
// having given suffix
const printStrings = (root, currsuffix) => {
  // If a string with currsuffix
  // is found
  if (root.isWordEnd) {
    console.log(reverseStr(currsuffix)+"<br>");
  }
 
 // All children struct node
// pointers are NULL
  if (isLastNode(root)) {
return;
  }
 
  for (let i = 0; i < CHILD; i++) {
if (root.children[i]) {
  // Append current character
  // to currsuffix string
  currsuffix += String.fromCharCode(97 + i);
   
  // recur over the rest
  printStrings(root.children[i], currsuffix);
   
  // remove last character
  currsuffix = currsuffix.slice(0, -1);
}
  }
};
 
// print strings with given suffix
const printStringsWithGivenSuffix = (root, query) => {
  let pCrawl = root;
// Check if suffix is present
// and find the node (of last
// level) with last character
// of given string.
  for (let i = 0; i < query.length; i++) {
const index = CHAR_TO_INDEX(query[i]);
 
// no string in the Trie has
// this suffix
if (!pCrawl.children[index]) {
  return 0;
}
 
pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
  }
 
  // If suffix is present as a word.
  const isWord = pCrawl.isWordEnd;
 
  // If suffix is last node of
  // tree (has no children)
  const isLast = isLastNode(pCrawl);
 
  // If suffix is present as a word,
  // but there is no subtree below
  // the last matching node.
  if (isWord && isLast) {
console.log(query+"<br>");
return -1;
  }
 
  // If there are nodes below
  // last matching character.
  if (!isLast) {
let suffix = query;
printStrings(pCrawl, suffix);
return 1;
  }
};
 
// Driver Code
const root = getNode();
const S = [
  'geeks',
  'geeksforgeeks',
  'geek',
  'newgeeks',
  'friendsongeeks',
  'toppergeek',
];
 
for (const str of S) {
  insert(root, reverseStr(str));
}
 
const P = 'eek';
printStringsWithGivenSuffix(
        root, reverseStr(P));
         
//This code is contributed by Pushpesh Raj.

C#

// C# program to print all
// strings from a given set
// with suffix P
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class GFG {
    // Converts key current character
    // into index use only 'a' through
    // 'z' and lower case
    const int CHILD = 26;
 
    // Trie node
    class TrieNode {
        public TrieNode[] children = new TrieNode[CHILD];
 
        // isWordEnd is true if the node
        // represents end of a word
        public bool isWordEnd;
    }
    // Function to reverse a string
    static string ReverseStr(string str)
    {
        int n = str.Length;
        char[] chars = str.ToCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
            char temp = chars[i];
            chars[i] = chars[n - i - 1];
            chars[n - i - 1] = temp;
        }
        return new string(chars);
    }
 
    // Returns new trie node
    static TrieNode GetNode()
    {
        TrieNode pNode = new TrieNode();
        pNode.isWordEnd = false;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
            pNode.children[i] = null;
 
        return pNode;
    }
 
    // If not present, inserts key into
    // trie. If the key is suffix of trie
    // node, just mark leaf node
    static void Insert(TrieNode root, string key)
    {
        TrieNode pCrawl = root;
 
        for (int level = 0; level < key.Length; level++) {
            int index = key[level] - 'a';
 
            if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
                pCrawl.children[index] = GetNode();
 
            pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
        }
 
        // Mark last node as leaf
        pCrawl.isWordEnd = true;
    }
 
    // Returns true if key presents in
    // the trie, else false
    static bool Search(TrieNode root, string key)
    {
        int length = key.Length;
        TrieNode pCrawl = root;
        for (int level = 0; level < length; level++) {
            int index = key[level] - 'a';
 
            if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
                return false;
 
            pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
        }
 
        return (pCrawl != null && pCrawl.isWordEnd);
    }
 
    // Returns 0 if current node has
    // a child
    // If all children are NULL, return 1
    static bool IsLastNode(TrieNode root)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++)
            if (root.children[i] != null)
                return false;
        return true;
    }
 
    // Recursive function to print strings
    // having given suffix
    static void PrintStrings(TrieNode root,
                             string currsuffix)
    {
        if (root.isWordEnd) {
            Console.WriteLine(ReverseStr(currsuffix));
            currsuffix = ReverseStr(currsuffix);
        }
        if (IsLastNode(root))
            return;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < CHILD; i++) {
            if (root.children[i] != null) {
                currsuffix += (char)('a' + i);
                PrintStrings(root.children[i], currsuffix);
                currsuffix = currsuffix.Substring(
                    0, currsuffix.Length - 1);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // check string withg given suffix
    static int PrintStringsWithGivenSuffix(TrieNode root,
                                           string query)
    {
        TrieNode pCrawl = root;
 
        // Check if suffix is present
        // and find the node (of last
        // level) with last character
        // of given string.
        int level;
        int n = query.Length;
        for (level = 0; level < n; level++) {
            int index = query[level] - 'a';
            if (pCrawl.children[index] == null)
                return 0;
            pCrawl = pCrawl.children[index];
        }
        bool isWord = pCrawl.isWordEnd;
        bool isLast = IsLastNode(pCrawl);
        if (isWord && isLast) {
            Console.WriteLine(query);
            return -1;
        }
        if (!isLast) {
            string suffix = query;
            PrintStrings(pCrawl, suffix);
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        TrieNode root = GetNode();
        List<string> S = new List<string>{
            "geeks",    "geeksforgeeks",  "geek",
            "newgeeks", "friendsongeeks", "toppergeek"
        };
 
        foreach(string str in S)
        {
            Insert(root, ReverseStr(str));
        }
 
        string P = "eek";
 
        PrintStringsWithGivenSuffix(root, ReverseStr(P));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Prince kumar

Output:

geek
toppergeek

Time Complexity : O(N * L)
Auxiliary Space : O(N)

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