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Java Program For Arranging Single Linked List In Alternate Odd and Even Nodes Order

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Given a singly linked list, rearrange the list so that even and odd nodes are alternate in the list.
There are two possible forms of this rearrangement. If the first data is odd, then the second node must be even. The third node must be odd and so on. Notice that another arrangement is possible where the first node is even, second odd, third even and so on. 
Examples:

Input: 11 -> 20 -> 40 -> 55 -> 77 -> 80 -> NULL
Output: 11 -> 20 -> 55 -> 40 -> 77 -> 80 -> NULL
20, 40, 80 occur in even positions and 11, 55, 77
occur in odd positions.

Input: 10 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> NULL
Output: 1 -> 10 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> NULL
1, 3, 5, 7 occur in odd positions and 10, 2, 6, 8 occur
at even positions in the list

Method 1 (Simple): 
In this method, we create two stacks-Odd and Even. We traverse the list and when we encounter an even node in an odd position we push this node’s address onto Even Stack. If we encounter an odd node in an even position we push this node’s address onto Odd Stack. 
After traversing the list, we simply pop the nodes at the top of the two stacks and exchange their data. We keep repeating this step until the stacks become empty.

Step 1: Create two stacks Odd and Even.  
        These stacks will store the pointers to the nodes in the list 
Step 2: Traverse list from start to end, using the variable current. 
        Repeat following steps 3-4.
Step 3: If the current node is even and it occurs at an odd position, 
        push this node's address to stack Even.
Step 4: If the current node is odd and it occurs at an even position, 
        push this node's address to stack Odd. 
[END OF TRAVERSAL]. Step 5: The size of both the stacks will be the same. While both the stacks are not empty exchange the nodes at the top of the two stacks and pop both nodes from their respective stacks.  Step 6: The List is now rearranged. STOP

Java




// Java program to rearrange nodes 
// as alternate odd even nodes in 
// a Singly Linked List
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG{
  
// class node 
static class Node
    int data; 
    Node next; 
}
  
// A utility function to print 
// linked list 
static void printList(Node node) 
    while (node != null
    
        System.out.print(node.data + " "); 
        node = node.next; 
    
    System.out.println();
  
// Function to create newNode 
// in a linkedlist 
static Node newNode(int key) 
    Node temp = new Node(); 
    temp.data = key; 
    temp.next = null
    return temp; 
  
// Function to insert at beginning 
static Node insertBeg(Node head, 
                      int val) 
    Node temp = newNode(val); 
    temp.next = head; 
    head = temp; 
    return head; 
  
// Function to rearrange the 
// odd and even nodes 
static void rearrangeOddEven(Node head) 
    Stack<Node> odd = new Stack<Node>(); 
    Stack<Node> even = new Stack<Node>(); 
    int i = 1
  
    while (head != null
    {
        if (head.data % 2 != 0 && 
            i % 2 == 0
        
            // Odd Value in Even Position 
            // Add pointer to current node 
            // in odd stack 
            odd.push(head); 
        
  
        else if (head.data % 2 == 0 && 
                 i % 2 != 0
        
            // Even Value in Odd Position 
            // Add pointer to current node 
            // in even stack 
            even.push(head); 
        
  
        head = head.next; 
        i++; 
    
  
    while (odd.size() > 0 && 
           even.size() > 0)
    
        // Swap Data at the top of 
        // two stacks 
        int k = odd.peek().data;
        odd.peek().data = even.peek().data; 
        even.peek().data = k;
        odd.pop(); 
        even.pop(); 
    
  
// Driver code 
public static void main(String args[])
    Node head = newNode(8); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 7); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 6); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 5); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 3); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 2); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 1); 
  
    System.out.println("Linked List:"); 
    printList(head); 
    rearrangeOddEven(head); 
  
    System.out.println("Linked List after " +
                       "Rearranging:"); 
    printList(head); 
}
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu


Output:

Linked List:
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 
Linked List after Rearranging:
1 2 3 6 5 8 7

Time Complexity : O(n) 
Auxiliary Space : O(n)

Method 2 (Efficient):

  1. Segregate odd and even values in the list. After this, all odd values will occur together followed by all even values. 
  2. Split the list into two lists odd and even.
  3. Merge the even list into odd list
REARRANGE (HEAD)
Step 1: Traverse the list using NODE TEMP. 
           If TEMP is odd
               Add TEMP to the beginning of the List
           [END OF IF]
        [END OF TRAVERSAL]
Step 2: Set TEMP to 2nd element of LIST.
Step 3: Set PREV_TEMP to 1st element of List
Step 4: Traverse using node TEMP as long as an even
        node is not encountered.
            PREV_TEMP = TEMP, TEMP = TEMP->NEXT
        [END OF TRAVERSAL]
Step 5: Set EVEN to TEMP. Set PREV_TEMP->NEXT to NULL
Step 6: I = HEAD, J = EVEN
Step 7: Repeat while I != NULL and J != NULL
            Store next nodes of I and J in K and L
            K = I->NEXT, L = J->NEXT
            I->NEXT = J, J->NEXT = K, PTR = J
            I = K and J = L 
       [END OF LOOP]
Step 8: if I == NULL 
            PTR->NEXT = J
        [END of IF]
Step 8: Return HEAD.
Step 9: End

Java




// Java program to rearrange nodes 
// as alternate odd even nodes in 
// a Singly Linked List 
class GFG{
  
// Structure node 
static class Node 
    int data; 
    Node next; 
}; 
  
// A utility function to print 
// linked list 
static void printList(Node node) 
    while (node != null
    
        System.out.print(node.data + " "); 
        node = node.next; 
    
    System.out.println();
  
// Function to create newNode 
// in a linkedlist 
static Node newNode(int key) 
    Node temp = new Node(); 
    temp.data = key; 
    temp.next = null
    return temp; 
  
// Function to insert at beginning 
static Node insertBeg(Node head, 
                      int val) 
    Node temp = newNode(val); 
    temp.next = head; 
    head = temp; 
    return head; 
  
// Function to rearrange the 
// odd and even nodes 
static Node rearrange(Node head) 
    // Step 1: Segregate even and odd nodes 
    // Step 2: Split odd and even lists 
    // Step 3: Merge even list into odd list 
    Node even; 
    Node temp, prev_temp; 
    Node i, j, k, l, ptr = null
  
    // Step 1: Segregate Odd and Even 
    // Nodes 
    temp = (head).next; 
    prev_temp = head; 
  
    while (temp != null
    
        // Backup next pointer of temp 
        Node x = temp.next; 
  
        // If temp is odd move the node 
        // to beginning of list 
        if (temp.data % 2 != 0
        
            prev_temp.next = x; 
            temp.next = (head); 
            (head) = temp; 
        
        else 
        
            prev_temp = temp; 
        
  
        // Advance Temp Pointer 
        temp = x; 
    
  
    // Step 2 
    // Split the List into Odd 
    // and even 
    temp = (head).next; 
    prev_temp = (head); 
  
    while (temp != null && 
           temp.data % 2 != 0
    
        prev_temp = temp; 
        temp = temp.next; 
    
  
    even = temp; 
  
    // End the odd List (Make 
    // last node null) 
    prev_temp.next = null
  
    // Step 3: 
    // Merge Even List into odd 
    i = head; 
    j = even; 
  
    while (j != null && i != null)
    
        // While both lists are not 
        // exhausted Backup next 
        // pointers of i and j 
        k = i.next; 
        l = j.next; 
  
        i.next = j; 
        j.next = k; 
  
        // ptr points to the latest 
        // node added 
        ptr = j; 
  
        // Advance i and j pointers 
        i = k; 
        j = l; 
    
  
    if (i == null)
    
        // Odd list exhausts before even, 
        // append remainder of even list 
        // to odd. 
        ptr.next = j; 
    
  
    // The case where even list exhausts 
    // before odd list is automatically 
    // handled since we merge the even 
    // list into the odd list 
    return head;
  
// Driver Code 
public static void main(String args[])
    Node head = newNode(8); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 7); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 6); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 3); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 5); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 1); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 2); 
    head = insertBeg(head, 10); 
  
    System.out.println("Linked List:"); 
    printList(head); 
    System.out.println("Rearranged List"); 
    head = rearrange(head); 
    printList(head); 
}
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu


Output:

Linked List:
10 2 1 5 3 6 7 8 
Rearranged List
7 10 3 2 5 6 1 8

Time Complexity : O(n) 
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

Please refer complete article on Alternate Odd and Even Nodes in a Singly Linked List for more details!



Last Updated : 18 Jan, 2022
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