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Longest subarray with sum divisible by K

Last Updated : 02 Feb, 2023
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Given an arr[] containing n integers and a positive integer k. The problem is to find the longest subarray’s length with the sum of the elements divisible by the given value k.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5}, k = 3
Output: 4
Explanation: The subarray is {7, 6, 1, 4} with sum 18, which is divisible by 3.

Input: arr[] = {-2, 2, -5, 12, -11, -1, 7}, k = 3
Output: 5

Method 1 (Naive Approach): Consider all the subarrays and return the length of the subarray with a sum divisible by k that has the longest length. 

C++




// C++ implementation to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// function to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int N, int k)
{
         int maxl=0;
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
        {
            int sum1 = 0;
            for(int j=i;j<N;j++)
            {
                sum1+=arr[j];
                if(sum1 % k == 0)
                {
                    maxl = max(maxl , j - i + 1);
                }
                 
            }
        }
 
        return maxl;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int k = 3;
 
    cout << "Length = "
         << longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k);
 
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Arpit Jain


Java




import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
 
  // function to find the longest subarray
  // with sum divisible by k
  static int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int N, int k)
  {
    int maxl = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      int sum1 = 0;
      for (int j = i; j < N; j++) {
        sum1 += arr[j];
        if (sum1 % k == 0)
          maxl = Math.max(maxl, j - i + 1);
      }
    }
 
    return maxl;
  }
 
  // Driver code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
    int n = arr.length;
    int k = 3;
 
    System.out.println("Length = "
                       + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Ajax


C#




// C# implementation to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
using System;
 
class GFG {
 
    // function to find the longest subarray
    // with sum divisible by k
    static int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int[] arr, int N,
                                         int k)
    {
        int maxl = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            int sum1 = 0;
            for (int j = i; j < N; j++) {
                sum1 += arr[j];
                if (sum1 % k == 0)
                    maxl = Math.Max(maxl, j - i + 1);
            }
        }
 
        return maxl;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        int k = 3;
 
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Length = "
            + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Karandeep1234


Python3




# Python3 implementation to find the longest subarray
# with sum divisible by k
 
def longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, N, k):
    maxl = 0
    for i in range(N):
        sum1 = 0
        for j in range(i, N):
            sum1 += arr[j]
            if sum1 % k == 0:
                maxl = max(maxl, j - i + 1)
    return maxl
 
# Driver code
arr = [2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5]
n = len(arr)
k = 3
 
print("Length =", longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k))


Javascript




// JavaScript implementation to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
function longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, N, k) {
    let maxl = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        let sum1 = 0;
        for (let j = i; j < N; j++) {
            sum1 += arr[j];
            if (sum1 % k === 0) {
                maxl = Math.max(maxl, j - i + 1);
            }
        }
    }
    return maxl;
}
 
// Driver code
let arr = [ 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 ];
let N = arr.length;
let k = 3;
console.log("Length = " + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, N, k));
 
//This code is contributed by dhanshri borse


Output

Length = 4

Time Complexity: O(n2).
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Method 2 (Efficient Approach): Create an array mod_arr[] where mod_arr[i] stores (sum(arr[0]+arr[1]..+arr[i]) % k). Create a hash table having tuple as (ele, i), where ele represents an element of mod_arr[] and i represents the element’s index of first occurrence in mod_arr[]. Now, traverse mod_arr[] from i = 0 to n and follow the steps given below.

  1. If mod_arr[i] == 0, then update max_len = (i + 1).
  2. Else if mod_arr[i] is not present in the hash table, then create tuple (mod_arr[i], i) in the hash table.
  3. Else, get the hash table’s value associated with mod_arr[i]. Let this be i.
  4. If maxLen < (i – idx), then update max_len = (i – idx).
  5. Finally, return max_len.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ implementation to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// function to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int n, int k)
{
    // unordered map 'um' implemented as
    // hash table
    unordered_map<int, int> um;
 
    // 'mod_arr[i]' stores (sum[0..i] % k)
    int mod_arr[n], max_len = 0;
    int curr_sum = 0;
 
    // traverse arr[] and build up the
    // array 'mod_arr[]'
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        curr_sum += arr[i];
 
        // as the sum can be negative, taking modulo twice
        mod_arr[i] = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
 
        // if true then sum(0..i) is divisible by k
        if (mod_arr[i] == 0)
            // update 'max'
            max_len = i + 1;
 
        // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
        // then store it in 'um' with index of its
        // first occurrence
        else if (um.find(mod_arr[i]) == um.end())
            um[mod_arr[i]] = i;
 
        else
            // if true, then update 'max'
            if (max_len < (i - um[mod_arr[i]]))
            max_len = i - um[mod_arr[i]];
    }
 
    // return the required length of longest subarray
    // with sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int k = 3;
 
    cout << "Length = "
         << longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k);
 
    return 0;
}
 
// Code updated by Kshitij Dwivedi


Java




// Java implementation to find the longest
// subarray with sum divisible by k
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GfG {
 
    // function to find the longest subarray
    // with sum divisible by k
    static int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int n,
                                         int k)
    {
        // unordered map 'um' implemented as
        // hash table
        HashMap<Integer, Integer> um
            = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
 
        // 'mod_arr[i]' stores (sum[0..i] % k)
        int mod_arr[] = new int[n];
        int max_len = 0;
        int curr_sum = 0;
 
        // traverse arr[] and build up the
        // array 'mod_arr[]'
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            curr_sum += arr[i];
 
            // as the sum can be negative,
            // taking modulo twice
            mod_arr[i] = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
 
            // if true then sum(0..i) is
            // divisible by k
            if (mod_arr[i] == 0)
                // update 'max'
                max_len = i + 1;
 
            // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
            // then store it in 'um' with index of its
            // first occurrence
            else if (um.containsKey(mod_arr[i]) == false)
                um.put(mod_arr[i], i);
 
            else
                // if true, then update 'max'
                if (max_len < (i - um.get(mod_arr[i])))
                max_len = i - um.get(mod_arr[i]);
        }
 
        // return the required length of longest subarray
        // with sum divisible by 'k'
        return max_len;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
        int n = arr.length;
        int k = 3;
 
        System.out.println(
            "Length = "
            + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Gitanjali, updated by Kshitij
// Dwivedi


Python3




# Python3 implementation to find the
# longest subarray with sum divisible by k
 
# Function to find the longest
# subarray with sum divisible by k
 
 
def longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k):
 
    # unordered map 'um' implemented
    # as hash table
    um = {}
 
    # 'mod_arr[i]' stores (sum[0..i] % k)
    mod_arr = [0 for i in range(n)]
    max_len = 0
    curr_sum = 0
 
    # Traverse arr[] and build up
    # the array 'mod_arr[]'
    for i in range(n):
        curr_sum += arr[i]
 
        # As the sum can be negative,
        # taking modulo twice
        mod_arr[i] = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k
 
        # If true then sum(0..i) is
        # divisible by k
        if (mod_arr[i] == 0):
 
            # Update 'max_len'
            max_len = i + 1
 
        # If value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in
        # 'um' then store it in 'um' with index
        # of its first occurrence
        elif (mod_arr[i] not in um):
            um[mod_arr[i]] = i
 
        else:
              # If true, then update 'max_len'
            if (max_len < (i - um[mod_arr[i]])):
                max_len = i - um[mod_arr[i]]
 
    # Return the required length of longest subarray
    # with sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len
 
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    arr = [2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5]
    n = len(arr)
    k = 3
 
    print("Length =",
          longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k))
 
# This code is contributed by Surendra_Gangwar, updated by Kshitij Dwivedi


C#




using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// C# implementation to find the longest
// subarray with sum divisible by k
 
public class GfG {
 
    // function to find the longest subarray
    // with sum divisible by k
    public static int
    longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int[] arr, int n, int k)
    {
        // unordered map 'um' implemented as
        // hash table
        Dictionary<int, int> um
            = new Dictionary<int, int>();
 
        // 'mod_arr[i]' stores (sum[0..i] % k)
        int[] mod_arr = new int[n];
        int max_len = 0;
        int curr_sum = 0;
 
        // traverse arr[] and build up the
        // array 'mod_arr[]'
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            curr_sum += arr[i];
 
            // as the sum can be negative,
            // adjusting and calculating modulo twice
            mod_arr[i] = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
 
            // if true then sum(0..i) is
            // divisible by k
            if (mod_arr[i] == 0) {
                // update 'max_len'
                max_len = i + 1;
            }
 
            // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
            // then store it in 'um' with index of its
            // first occurrence
            else if (um.ContainsKey(mod_arr[i]) == false) {
                um[mod_arr[i]] = i;
            }
 
            else {
                // if true, then update 'max_len'
                if (max_len < (i - um[mod_arr[i]])) {
                    max_len = i - um[mod_arr[i]];
                }
            }
        }
 
        // return the required length of longest subarray
        // with sum divisible by 'k'
        return max_len;
    }
 
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = new int[] { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        int k = 3;
 
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Length = "
            + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13, updated by
// Kshitij Dwivedi


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript implementation to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
 
// function to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
function longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k)
{
    // unordered map 'um' implemented as
    // hash table
    var um = new Map();
     
    // 'mod_arr[i]' stores (sum[0..i] % k)
    var mod_arr = Array(n), max_len = 0;
    var curr_sum = 0;
     
    // traverse arr[] and build up the
    // array 'mod_arr[]'
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        curr_sum += arr[i];
         
        // as the sum can be negative, taking modulo twice
        mod_arr[i] = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;       
 
        // if true then sum(0..i) is divisible
        // by k
        if (mod_arr[i] == 0)
            // update 'max_len'
            max_len = i + 1;
         
        // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
        // then store it in 'um' with index of its
        // first occurrence       
        else if (!um.has(mod_arr[i]))
            um.set(mod_arr[i] , i);
             
        else
            // if true, then update 'max_len'
            if (max_len < (i - um.get(mod_arr[i])))
                max_len = i - um.get(mod_arr[i]);           
    }
     
    // return the required length of longest subarray with
    // sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len;
}                         
 
// Driver program to test above
var arr = [2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5];
var n = arr.length;
var k = 3;
 
document.write( "Length = "
     + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
      
// This code is contributed by rrrtnx, and updated by Kshitij Dwivedi
</script>


Output

Length = 4

Time Complexity: O(n), as we traverse the input array only once.
Auxiliary Space: O(n  + k), O(n) for mod_arr[], and O(k) for storing the remainder values in the hash table.

Space Optimized approach: The space optimization for the above approach to O(n) Instead of keeping a separate array to store the modulus of all values, we compute it on the go and store remainders in the hash table.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
// function to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int n, int k)
{
    // unordered map 'um' implemented as
    // hash table
    unordered_map<int, int> um;
 
    int max_len = 0;
    int curr_sum = 0;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        curr_sum += arr[i];
 
        int mod = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
 
        // if true then sum(0..i) is divisible
        // by k
        if (mod == 0)
            // update 'max_len'
            max_len = i + 1;
 
        // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
        // then store it in 'um' with index of its
        // first occurrence
        else if (um.find(mod) == um.end())
            um[mod] = i;
 
        else
            // if true, then update 'max_len'
            if (max_len < (i - um[mod]))
            max_len = i - um[mod];
    }
 
    // return the required length of longest subarray with
    // sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int k = 3;
 
    cout << "Length = "
         << longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k);
 
    return 0;
}
 
// Code Updated by Kshitij Dwivedi


Java




/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
    static int longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int arr[], int n,
                                         int k)
    {
        Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
 
        int max_len = 0;
        int sum = 0;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            sum += arr[i];
 
            // to handle negative values as well
            int mod = ((sum % k) + k) % k;
 
            if (mod == 0)
                max_len = i + 1;
 
            if (!map.containsKey(mod))
                map.put(mod, i);
            else {
                int sz = i - map.get(mod);
                max_len = Math.max(max_len, sz);
            }
        }
 
        return max_len;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
        int n = arr.length;
        int k = 3;
 
        System.out.println(
            "Length = "
            + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
    }
}
 
// Updated By Kshitij Dwivedi


Python3




# function to find the longest subarray
#  with sum divisible by k
 
 
def longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k):
 
    # unordered map 'um' implemented as
    # hash table
    um = {}
 
    max_len = 0
    curr_sum = 0
 
    for i in range(n):
 
        curr_sum += arr[i]
        mod = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k
        # if true then sum(0..i) is divisible by k
 
        if mod == 0:
            # update 'max_len'
            max_len = i + 1
 
        # if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
        # then store it in 'um' with index of its
        # first occurrence
        elif mod in um.keys():
            if max_len < (i - um[mod]):
                max_len = i - um[mod]
 
        else:
            um[mod] = i
 
    # return the required length of longest subarray with
    # sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len
 
 
arr = [2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5]
n = len(arr)
k = 3
print("Length =", longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k))
 
# This code is contributed by amreshkumar3, and updated by Kshitij Dwivedi


C#




using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// C# implementation to find the longest
// subarray with sum divisible by k
public class GFG {
 
    public static int
    longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(int[] arr, int n, int k)
    {
        // unordered map 'um' implemented as
        // hash table
        Dictionary<int, int> um
            = new Dictionary<int, int>();
 
        int max_len = 0;
        int curr_sum = 0;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            curr_sum += arr[i];
 
            int mod = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
 
            // if true then sum(0..i) is divisible
            // by k
            if (mod == 0)
            // update 'max_len'
            {
                max_len = i + 1;
            }
 
            // if value 'mod' not present in 'um'
            // then store it in 'um' with index of its
            // first occurrence
            else if (um.ContainsKey(mod) == false) {
                um[mod] = i;
            }
 
            else {
                // if true, then update 'max'
                if (max_len < (i - um[mod])) {
                    max_len = i - um[mod];
                }
            }
        }
        // return the required length of longest subarray
        // with sum divisible by 'k'
        return max_len;
    }
 
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = new int[] { 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        int k = 3;
 
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Length = "
            + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by ishankhandelwals and updated
// by Kshitij Dwivedi


Javascript




<script>
// function to find the longest subarray
// with sum divisible by k
function longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr,n,k)
{
    // map 'um' implemented as
    // hash table
    let um = new Map();
 
    let max_len = 0;
    let curr_sum = 0;
 
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        curr_sum += arr[i];
 
        let mod = ((curr_sum % k) + k) % k;
        // if true then sum(0..i) is divisible
        // by k
        if (mod == 0)
            // update 'max_len'
            max_len = i + 1;
 
        // if value 'mod_arr[i]' not present in 'um'
        // then store it in 'um' with index of its
        // first occurrence
        else if (um.has(mod) == false)
            um.set(mod,i);
 
        else
            // if true, then update 'max'
            if (max_len < (i - um.get(mod)))
            max_len = i - um.get(mod);
    }
 
    // required length of longest subarray with
    // sum divisible by 'k'
    return max_len;
}
 
// Driver program to test above
 
let arr = [2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5];
let n = arr.length;
let k = 3;
 
document.write("Length = " + longestSubarrWthSumDivByK(arr, n, k));
 
// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra, and updated by Kshitij Dwivedi.
</script>


Output

Length = 4

Time Complexity: O(n), as we traverse the input array only once.
Auxiliary Space: O(min(n,k))



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