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Matrix in R – Arithmetic Operations

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Arithmetic operations include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication(*), division (/) and modulus(%). In this article we are going to see the matrix creation and arithmetic operations on the matrices in R programming language.

Approach

  • Create first matrix

Syntax:

matrix_name <- matrix(data , nrow = value, ncol = value) .

Parameters:

  • data=includes a list/vector of elements passed as data to an matrix.
  • nrow= nrow represent the number of  rows  specified.
  • ncol= ncol represent the number of  columns  specified.
  • Create second matrix
  • Apply operation between these matrices
  • Display result

Addition

Addition yields the sum of the two matrices. Operator used- “+”

Example:

R




# create a vector of elements
vector1=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing this vector1
matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix1)
 
# create a vector of elements
vector2=c(1,2,3,2,4,5,6,3,4,1,2,7,8,9,4,5)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing  vector2
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix2)
 
# add matrices
print(matrix1+matrix2)


 

 

Output:

 

Subtraction

 

Subtraction yields the difference between two matrices. The operator used: “-“.

 

Example:

 

R




# create a vector of elements
vector1=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing this vector1
matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix1)
 
# create a vector of elements
vector2=c(1,2,3,2,4,5,6,3,4,1,2,7,8,9,4,5)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing  vector2
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix2)
print(" subtraction result")
 
# subtract matrices
print(matrix1-matrix2)


 

 

Output:

 

Multiplication

 

Multiplication results in the multiplication of the elements in a matrix. The operator used: “*”

 

Example:

 

R




# create a vector of elements
vector1=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing this vector1
matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix1)
 
# create a vector of elements
vector2=c(1,2,3,2,4,5,6,3,4,1,2,7,8,9,4,5)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing  vector2
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix2)
print(" multiplication result")
 
# multiply matrices
print(matrix1*matrix2)


 

 

Output:

 

Division

 

Division is used to divide element by element in the matrices. The operator used : “/”

 

Example:

 

R




# create a vector of elements
vector1=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing this vector1
matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix1)
 
# create a vector of elements
vector2=c(1,2,3,2,4,5,6,3,4,1,2,7,8,9,4,5)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing  vector2
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix2)
print(" Division result")
 
# divide the matrices
print(matrix1/matrix2)


 

 

Output:

 

Modulo operation

 

Modulo returns the remainder of the elements in a matrix. The operator used: %%. The main difference between division and modulo operator is that division returns quotient and modulo returns remainder.

 

Example:

 

R




# create a vector of elements
vector1=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing this vector1
matrix1 <- matrix(vector1, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix1)
 
# create a vector of elements
vector2=c(1,2,3,2,4,5,6,3,4,1,2,7,8,9,4,5)
 
# create a matrix with 4* 4 by passing  vector2
matrix2 <- matrix(vector2, nrow = 4, ncol = 4) 
 
# display matrix
print(matrix2)
print(" modulo result")
 
print(matrix1%%matrix2)


 

 

Output:

 

 



Last Updated : 10 Feb, 2022
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