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Minimum elements to be inserted such that no Subarray has sum 0

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Given an array arr[] of N integers such that no element is 0 in that array, the task is to find the minimum number of elements to be inserted such that no subarray of the new array has sum 0.

Examples:

Input: N = 3, arr[] = {1, -1, 1}
Output: 2
Explanation: As in the array the sum of first two element is 0 that is 1+(-1) =  0. 
To avoid this, insert an element. Insert 10 at position 2. 
The array become {1, 10, -1, 1}. 
Now the sum of last 2 element is 0. To avoid this insert an element. 
Insert 10 at position 4. Array become {1, 10, -1, 10, 1}. 
Now, no subarray have sum 0. 
So we have to insert minimum 2 integers in the array.

Input: N = 4, arr[] = {-2, 1, 2, 3}
Output: 
Explanation: No array is there whose sum is 0. 
So no need to insert element.

Approach: The problem can be solved based on the following observation.

Observations:

  • If we get any subarray with sum 0. Then insert an element just 1 place before the position where you got sum 0. So that sum will not remain 0 and start doing sum again.
  • Do the same process till the end and print how many times you have inserted element.

Follow the steps to solve the problem:

  • Take an unordered_map to store the sum detail to know if there is a subarray with sum 0.
  • Take a variable ans and initialize it to 0 to store the minimum number of elements to be inserted.
  • Traverse the array and add every element into the array and also note the sum detail in the map.
  • If, you got sum 0 (which can be found by checking if the sum is already present in the map): 
    • Then increase the ans by 1 and change the sum to the current element value because you have taken care of the previous elements and also remove the entries of the sum from the map.
    • Repeat this step whenever there is a subarray with sum 0.
  • In last return ans.

Below is the implementation for the above approach.

C++




// C++ code for the above approach:
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the minimum count
// of required insertions
int getElements(int N, int arr[])
{
    // To store the previous sums
    unordered_map<long long int, int> forSum;
 
    // Final answer
    int ans = 0;
 
    // To store current sum
    long long int sum = 0;
 
    // Traversing array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Adding elements
        sum += arr[i];
 
        // Storing occurrence
        forSum[sum]++;
 
        // If found any subarray with sum 0
        if (sum == 0 || forSum[sum] > 1) {
            ans++;
 
            // New sum
            sum = arr[i];
 
            // Clearing previous data
            forSum.clear();
 
            // Storing new sum
            forSum[sum]++;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int N = 3;
    int arr[] = { 1, -1, 1 };
 
    // Function call
    cout << getElements(N, arr) << endl;
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java code for the above approach:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
  // Function to find the minimum count
  // of required insertions
  public static int getElements(int N, int arr[])
  {
 
    // To store the previous sums
    HashMap<Integer, Integer> forSum
      = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
    // Final answer
    int ans = 0;
 
    // To store current sum
    int sum = 0;
 
    // Traversing array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
      // Adding elements
      sum += arr[i];
 
      // Storing occurrence
      if (forSum.get(sum) != null)
        forSum.put(sum, forSum.get(sum) + 1);
      else
        forSum.put(sum, 1);
 
      // If found any subarray with sum 0
      if (sum == 0
          || (forSum.get(sum) != null
              && forSum.get(sum) > 1)) {
        ans++;
 
        // New sum
        sum = arr[i];
 
        // Clearing previous data
        forSum.clear();
 
        // Storing new sum
        forSum.put(sum, 1);
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int N = 3;
    int arr[] = { 1, -1, 1 };
 
    // Function call
    System.out.print(getElements(N, arr));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rohit Pradhan


Python3




# Python code for the above approach
 
# Function to find the minimum count
# of required insertions
def getElements(N, arr):
   
    # To store the previous sums
    forSum = {}
 
    # Final answer
    ans = 0;
 
    # To store current sum
    sum = 0;
 
    # Traversing array
    for i in range(N):
 
        # Adding elements
        sum += arr[i];
 
        # Storing occurrence
        if(sum in forSum):
            forSum[sum] += 1
        else:
            forSum[sum] = 1
 
        # If found any subarray with sum 0
        if (sum == 0 or forSum[sum] > 1):
            ans += 1
 
            # New sum
            sum = arr[i];
 
            # Clearing previous data
            forSum.clear();
 
            # Storing new sum
            if(sum in forSum):
                forSum[sum] += 1
            else:
                forSum[sum] = 1
 
    return ans;
 
# Driver Code
N = 3;
arr = [ 1, -1, 1 ];
 
# Function call
print(getElements(N, arr));
         
# This code is contributed by Saurabh Jaiswal


C#




// C# implementation of above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG {
 
  // Function to find the minimum count
  // of required insertions
  static int getElements(int N, int[] arr)
  {
 
    // To store the previous sums
    Dictionary<int,
    int> forSum = new Dictionary<int,int>();
 
    // Final answer
    int ans = 0;
 
    // To store current sum
    int sum = 0;
 
    // Traversing array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
      // Adding elements
      sum += arr[i];
 
      // Storing occurrence
      forSum.Add(sum, 1);
 
      // If found any subarray with sum 0
      if (sum == 0 || forSum[sum] > 1) {
        ans++;
 
        // New sum
        sum = arr[i];
 
        // Clearing previous data
        forSum.Clear();
 
        // Storing new sum
        forSum.Add(sum, 1);
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void Main()
  {
    int N = 3;
    int[] arr = { 1, -1, 1 };
 
    // Function call
    Console.Write(getElements(N, arr));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by code_hunt.


Javascript




<script>
        // JavaScript code for the above approach
 
// Function to find the minimum count
// of required insertions
function getElements(N, arr)
{
    // To store the previous sums
    var forSum = new Map();
   //let  forSum= new Array();
 
    // Final answer
    let ans = 0;
 
    // To store current sum
    let sum = 0;
 
    // Traversing array
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Adding elements
        sum += arr[i];
 
        // Storing occurrence
        forSum[sum]++;
 
        // If found any subarray with sum 0
        if (sum == 0 || forSum[sum] > 1) {
            ans++;
 
            // New sum
            sum = arr[i];
 
            // Clearing previous data
            forSum.clear();
 
            // Storing new sum
            forSum[sum]++;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
 
        // Driver Code
 
    let N = 3;
    let arr = [ 1, -1, 1 ];
 
    // Function call
    document.write(getElements(N, arr));
         
        // This code is contributed by sanjoy_62.
    </script>


Output

2

Time Complexity: O(N) because the array is traversed only once and at most N elements are cleared from the map.
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 30 Aug, 2022
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