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Php Program for Reversal algorithm for array rotation

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Write a function rotate(arr[], d, n) that rotates arr[] of size n by d elements. 
Example : 

Input :  arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
         d = 2
Output : arr[] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2] 

 

Array

Rotation of the above array by 2 will make array
 

ArrayRotation1

 

The first 3 methods to rotate an array by d elements has been discussed in this post. 
Method 4 (The Reversal Algorithm) :
Algorithm : 
 

rotate(arr[], d, n)
  reverse(arr[], 1, d) ;
  reverse(arr[], d + 1, n);
  reverse(arr[], 1, n);

Let AB are the two parts of the input array where A = arr[0..d-1] and B = arr[d..n-1]. The idea of the algorithm is : 
 

  • Reverse A to get ArB, where Ar is reverse of A.
  • Reverse B to get ArBr, where Br is reverse of B.
  • Reverse all to get (ArBr) r = BA.

Example : 
Let the array be arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], d =2 and n = 7 
A = [1, 2] and B = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] 
 

  • Reverse A, we get ArB = [2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
  • Reverse B, we get ArBr = [2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]
  • Reverse all, we get (ArBr)r = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2]

Below is the implementation of the above approach : 
 

PHP




<?php
// PHP program for reversal
// algorithm of array rotation
 
/* Function to left rotate
   arr of size n by d */
function leftRotate(&$arr, $d, $n)
{
 
    if ($d == 0)
        return;
      // in case the rotating factor is
      // greater than array length
      $d = ($d % $n);
    reverseArray($arr, 0, $d - 1);
    reverseArray($arr, $d, $n - 1);
    reverseArray($arr, 0, $n - 1);
}
 
/*Function to reverse $arr
  from index start to end*/
function reverseArray(&$arr,
                       $start, $end)
{
    while ($start < $end)
    {
        $temp = $arr[$start];
        $arr[$start] = $arr[$end];
        $arr[$end] = $temp;
        $start++;
        $end--;
    }
}
 
// Function to
// print an array
function printArray($arr, $size)
{
    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++)
    print $arr[$i]." ";
}
 
// Driver code
$arr = array(1, 2, 3,
             4, 5, 6, 7);
$n = sizeof($arr);
$d = 2;
 
// Function calling
leftRotate($arr, $d, $n);
printArray($arr, $n);
     
// This code is contributed
// by ChitraNayal
?>


Output : 

3 4 5 6 7 1 2

Time Complexity : O(n), where n represents the size of the given array.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no extra space is required, so it is a constant.

Please refer complete article on Reversal algorithm for array rotation for more details!



Last Updated : 28 May, 2022
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