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Prime numbers and Fibonacci

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Given a number, find the numbers (smaller than or equal to n) which are both Fibonacci and prime.

Examples: 

Input : n = 40
Output: 2 3 5 13
Explanation :
Here, range(upper limit) = 40
Fibonacci series upto n is, 1, 
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34.
Prime numbers in above series = 2, 3, 5, 13.

Input : n = 100
Output: 2 3 5 13 89
Explanation :
Here, range(upper limit) = 40
Fibonacci series upto n are 1, 1, 2, 
3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89.
Prime numbers in Fibonacci upto n : 2, 3, 
5, 13, 89.

A simple solution is to iterate generate all fibonacci numbers smaller than or equal to n. For every Fibonacci number, check if it is prime or not. If prime, then print it.

An efficient solution is to use Sieve to generate all Prime numbers up to n. After we have generated prime numbers, we can quickly check if a prime is Fibonacci or not by using the property that a number is Fibonacci if it is of the form 5i2 + 4 or in the form 5i2 – 4. Refer this for details.

Below is the implementation of above steps  

C++




// CPP program to print prime numbers present
// in Fibonacci series.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to check perfect square
bool isSquare(int n)
{
    int sr = sqrt(n);
    return (sr * sr == n);
}
 
// Prints all numbers less than or equal to n that
// are both Prime and Fibonacci.
void printPrimeAndFib(int n)
{
    // Using Sieve to generate all primes
    // less than or equal to n.
    bool prime[n + 1];   
    memset(prime, true, sizeof(prime));
    for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
 
        // If prime[p] is not changed, then
        // it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == true) {
 
            // Update all multiples of p
            for (int i = p * 2; i <= n; i += p)
                prime[i] = false;
        }
    }
 
    // Now traverse through the range and print numbers
    // that are both prime and Fibonacci.
    for (int i=2; i<=n; i++)   
       if (prime[i] && (isSquare(5 * i * i + 4) > 0 ||
                        isSquare(5 * i * i - 4) > 0))
                cout << i << " ";
}
 
// Driver function
int main()
{
    int n = 30;
    printPrimeAndFib(n);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program to print prime numbers
// present in Fibonacci series.
class PrimeAndFib
{
// Function to check perfect square
Boolean isSquare(int n)
{
    int sr = (int)Math.sqrt(n);
    return (sr * sr == n);
}
 
// Prints all numbers less than or equal
// to n that are both Prime and Fibonacci.
static void printPrimeAndFib(int n)
{
    // Using Sieve to generate all
    // primes less than or equal to n.
    Boolean[] prime = new Boolean[n + 1];
     
    // memset(prime, true, sizeof(prime));
    for (int p = 0; p <= n; p++)
    prime[p] = true;
    for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
 
        // If prime[p] is not changed,
        // then it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == true) {
 
            // Update all multiples of p
            for (int i = p * 2; i <= n; i += p)
                prime[i] = false;
        }
    }
 
    // Now traverse through the range and
    // print numbers that are both prime
    // and Fibonacci.
    for (int i=2; i<=n; i++) {
        double sqrt = Math.sqrt(5 * i * i + 4);
        double sqrt1 = Math.sqrt(5 * i * i - 4);
     
        int x = (int) sqrt;
        int y = (int) sqrt1;
 
    if (prime[i]==true && (Math.pow(sqrt,2) ==
        Math.pow(x,2) || Math.pow(sqrt1,2) ==
        Math.pow(y,2)))
        System.out.print(i+" ");
    }
}
 
// driver program
public static void main(String s[])
{
    int n = 30;
    printPrimeAndFib(n);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Prerna Saini


Python3




# Python 3 program to print
# prime numbers present in
# Fibonacci series.
import math
 
# Function to check perfect square
def isSquare(n) :
    sr = (int)(math.sqrt(n))
    return (sr * sr == n)
 
 
# Prints all numbers less than
# or equal to n that  are
# both Prime and Fibonacci.
def printPrimeAndFib(n) :
     
    # Using Sieve to generate all
    # primes less than or equal to n.
    prime =[True] * (n + 1)
    p = 2
    while(p * p <= n ):
         
        # If prime[p] is not changed,
        # then it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == True) :
             
            # Update all multiples of p
            for i in range(p * 2, n + 1, p) :
                prime[i] = False
                 
        p = p + 1
     
    # Now traverse through the range
    # and print numbers that are
    # both prime and Fibonacci.
    for i in range(2, n + 1) :
        if (prime[i] and (isSquare(5 * i * i + 4) > 0 or
             isSquare(5 * i * i - 4) > 0)) :
            print(i , " ",end="")
 
 
# Driver function
n = 30
printPrimeAndFib(n);
 
 
# This code is contributed
# by Nikita Tiwari.


C#




// C# program to print prime numbers
// present in Fibonacci series.
using System;
 
class GFG {
     
    // Function to check perfect square
    static bool isSquare(int n)
    {
        int sr = (int)Math.Sqrt(n);
         
        return (sr * sr == n);
    }
      
    // Prints all numbers less than or equal
    // to n that are both Prime and Fibonacci.
    static void printPrimeAndFib(int n)
    {
         
        // Using Sieve to generate all
        // primes less than or equal to n.
        bool[] prime = new bool[n + 1];
          
        // memset(prime, true, sizeof(prime));
        for (int p = 0; p <= n; p++)
            prime[p] = true;
             
        for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
      
            // If prime[p] is not changed,
            // then it is a prime
            if (prime[p] == true) {
      
                // Update all multiples of p
                for (int i = p * 2; i <= n; i += p)
                    prime[i] = false;
            }
        }
      
        // Now traverse through the range and
        // print numbers that are both prime
        // and Fibonacci.
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
             
            double sqrt = Math.Sqrt(5 * i * i + 4);
            double sqrt1 = Math.Sqrt(5 * i * i - 4);
          
            int x = (int) sqrt;
            int y = (int) sqrt1;
      
        if (prime[i] == true && (Math.Pow(sqrt, 2) ==
             Math.Pow(x, 2) || Math.Pow(sqrt1, 2) ==
                                    Math.Pow(y, 2)))
            Console.Write(i + " ");
        }
    }
      
    // driver program
    public static void Main()
    {
        int n = 30;
         
        printPrimeAndFib(n);
    }
}
  
// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.


PHP




<?php
// PHP program to print prime numbers
// present in Fibonacci series.
 
// Function to check perfect square
function isSquare($n)
{
    $sr = (int)sqrt($n);
    return ($sr * $sr == $n);
}
 
// Prints all numbers less than or equal
// to n that are both Prime and Fibonacci.
function printPrimeAndFib($n)
{
    // Using Sieve to generate all primes
    // less than or equal to n.
    $prime = array_fill(0, $n + 1, true);
    for ($p = 2; $p * $p <= $n; $p++)
    {
 
        // If prime[p] is not changed,
        // then it is a prime
        if ($prime[$p] == true)
        {
 
            // Update all multiples of p
            for ($i = $p * 2;
                 $i <= $n; $i += $p)
                $prime[$i] = false;
        }
    }
 
    // Now traverse through the range
    // and print numbers that are both
    // prime and Fibonacci.
    for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++)
    if ($prime[$i] && (isSquare(5 * $i * $i + 4) > 0 ||
                       isSquare(5 * $i * $i - 4) > 0))
        echo $i . " ";
}
 
// Driver Code
$n = 30;
printPrimeAndFib($n);
 
// This code is contributed by mits
?>


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript program to print prime numbers
// present in Fibonacci series.
 
// Function to check perfect square
function isSquare(n)
{
    let sr = Math.sqrt(n);
    return (sr * sr == n);
}
   
// Prints all numbers less than or equal
// to n that are both Prime and Fibonacci.
function prletPrimeAndFib(n)
{
    // Using Sieve to generate all
    // primes less than or equal to n.
    let prime = [];
       
    // memset(prime, true, sizeof(prime));
    for (let p = 0; p <= n; p++)
    prime[p] = true;
    for (let p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
   
        // If prime[p] is not changed,
        // then it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == true) {
   
            // Update all multiples of p
            for (let i = p * 2; i <= n; i += p)
                prime[i] = false;
        }
    }
   
    // Now traverse through the range and
    // print numbers that are both prime
    // and Fibonacci.
    for (let i=2; i<=n; i++) {
        let sqrt = Math.sqrt(5 * i * i + 4);
        let sqrt1 = Math.sqrt(5 * i * i - 4);
       
        let x = Math.floor(sqrt);
        let y = Math.floor(sqrt1);
   
    if (prime[i]==true && (Math.pow(sqrt,2) ==
        Math.pow(x,2) || Math.pow(sqrt1,2) ==
        Math.pow(y,2)))
        document.write(i+" ");
    }
}
     
// Driver code
 
    let n = 30;
    printPrimeAndFib(n);
           
</script>


Output: 

2 3 5 13

 Time Complexity: O(nloglogn)

Auxiliary Space: O(n), since n extra space has been taken.
 



Last Updated : 16 Aug, 2022
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