Print all Substrings of a String that has equal number of vowels and consonants

Last Updated : 18 Apr, 2023

Given a string S, the task is to print all the substrings of a string that has an equal number of vowels and consonants.

Examples:

Input: “geeks”
Output: “ge”, “geek”, “eeks”, “ek”

Input: “coding”
Output: “co”, “codi”, “od”, “odin”, “di”, “in”

Naive Approach: The basic approach to solve this problem is to generate all the substrings and then for each substring count the number of vowels and consonants present in it. If they are equal print it.

C++

// C++ program for the approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to check if character is
// vowel or consonant.
bool isVowel(char c)
{
    return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
           || c == 'u';
}
 
// Function to print all
// possible substring
void all_substring(vector<string>& allsubstrings)
{
    // length of the vector containing all substrings
    int n = allsubstrings.size();
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // storing length of each substring generated
        int m = allsubstrings[i].size();
        // count variable for vowel and consonant characters
        int cnt_vowel = 0, cnt_consonant = 0;
        // checking if count of vowels and consonants same
        // or not
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            if (isVowel(allsubstrings[i][j]))
                cnt_vowel++;
            else
                cnt_consonant++;
        }
 
        if (cnt_vowel == cnt_consonant)
            cout << allsubstrings[i] << endl;
    }
}
 
// Function to print all sub strings
vector<string> subString(string& str)
{
    // length of the input string
    int n = str.size();
    // resultant vector storing all substrings
    vector<string> res;
 
    // Pick starting point
    for (int len = 1; len <= n; len++) {
        // Pick ending point
        for (int i = 0; i <= n - len; i++) {
            //  Print characters from current
            // starting point to current ending
            // point.
            int j = i + len - 1;
 
            // storing each substring using tmp
            string tmp = "";
            for (int k = i; k <= j; k++)
                tmp += str[k];
 
            res.push_back(tmp);
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Input string
    string str = "geeks";
 
    // Function Call
    vector<string> allsubstrings = subString(str);
 
    // Function Call
    all_substring(allsubstrings);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the approach
 
import java.util.*;
 
public class SubstringVowelConsonant {
    // Function to check if character is
    // vowel or consonant.
    static boolean isVowel(char c) {
        return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
            || c == 'u';
    }
    // Function to print all
    // possible substring
    static void all_substring(List<String> allsubstrings) {
        // length of the vector containing all substrings
        int n = allsubstrings.size();
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            // storing length of each substring generated
            int m = allsubstrings.get(i).length();
            // count variable for vowel and consonant
            // characters
            int cnt_vowel = 0, cnt_consonant = 0;
            // checking if count of vowels and consonants
            // same or not
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                if (isVowel(allsubstrings.get(i).charAt(j)))
                    cnt_vowel++;
                else
                    cnt_consonant++;
            }
 
            if (cnt_vowel == cnt_consonant)
                System.out.println(allsubstrings.get(i));
        }
    }
 
    // Function to print all sub strings
    static List<String> subString(String str) {
        // length of the input string
        int n = str.length();
        // resultant vector storing all substrings
        List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
 
        // Pick starting point
        for (int len = 1; len <= n; len++) {
            // Pick ending point
            for (int i = 0; i <= n - len; i++) {
                //  Print characters from current
                // starting point to current ending
                // point.
                int j = i + len - 1;
 
                // storing each substring using tmp
                String tmp = "";
                for (int k = i; k <= j; k++)
                    tmp += str.charAt(k);
 
                res.add(tmp);
            }
        }
 
        return res;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Input string
        String str = "geeks";
 
        // Function Call
        List<String> allsubstrings = subString(str);
 
        // Function Call
        all_substring(allsubstrings);
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program for the approach
 
# Function to check if character is
# vowel or consonant.
def isVowel(c):
    return c == 'a' or c == 'e' or c == 'i' or c == 'o' or c == 'u'
   
# Function to print all possible substring
def all_substring(allsubstrings):
  # length of the vector containing all substrings
  n = len(allsubstrings)
   
  for i in range(n):
    # storing length of each substring generated
    m = len(allsubstrings[i])
     
    # count variable for vowel and consonant characters
    cnt_vowel = 0
    cnt_consonant = 0
     
    # checking if count of vowels and consonants same
    # or not
    for j in range(m):
        if (isVowel(allsubstrings[i][j])):
            cnt_vowel += 1
        else:
            cnt_consonant += 1
 
    if (cnt_vowel == cnt_consonant):
        print(allsubstrings[i])
         
# Function to print all sub strings
def subString(s):
  # length of the input string
  n = len(s)
   
  # resultant list storing all substrings
  res = []
   
  # Pick starting point
  for i in range(n):
      # Pick ending point
      for j in range(i+1, n+1):
          # storing each substring using tmp
          tmp = s[i:j]
          res.append(tmp)
 
  return res
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
  # Input string
  str = "geeks"
   
  # Function Call
  allsubstrings = subString(str)
 
  # Function Call
  all_substring(allsubstrings)

C#

// C# program for the approach
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
 
class GFG {
    // Function to check if character is
    // vowel or consonant.
    static bool IsVowel(char c)
    {
        return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
            || c == 'u';
    }
    // Function to print all
    // possible substring
    static void AllSubstring(List<string> allsubstrings)
    {
        // length of the vector containing all substrings
        int n = allsubstrings.Count();
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            // storing length of each substring generated
            int m = allsubstrings[i].Length;
            // count variable for vowel and consonant
            // characters
            int cnt_vowel = 0, cnt_consonant = 0;
            // checking if count of vowels and consonants
            // same or not
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                if (IsVowel(allsubstrings[i][j]))
                    cnt_vowel++;
                else
                    cnt_consonant++;
            }
 
            if (cnt_vowel == cnt_consonant)
                Console.WriteLine(allsubstrings[i]);
        }
    }
 
    // Function to print all sub strings
    static List<string> SubString(string str)
    {
        // length of the input string
        int n = str.Length;
        // resultant list storing all substrings
        List<string> res = new List<string>();
 
        // Pick starting point
        for (int len = 1; len <= n; len++) {
            // Pick ending point
            for (int i = 0; i <= n - len; i++) {
                //  Print characters from current
                // starting point to current ending
                // point.
                int j = i + len - 1;
 
                // storing each substring using tmp
                string tmp = "";
                for (int k = i; k <= j; k++)
                    tmp += str[k];
 
                res.Add(tmp);
            }
        }
 
        return res;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    static void Main()
    {
        // Input string
        string str = "geeks";
 
        // Function Call
        List<string> allsubstrings = SubString(str);
 
        // Function Call
        AllSubstring(allsubstrings);
    }
}

Javascript

// Function to check if character is vowel or consonant.
function isVowel(c) {
    return c === 'a' || c === 'e' || c === 'i' || c === 'o' || c === 'u';
}
 
// Function to print all possible substrings
function all_substrings(allsubstrings) {
    // Length of the vector containing all substrings
    let n = allsubstrings.length;
 
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // Storing length of each substring generated
        let m = allsubstrings[i].length;
        // Count variable for vowel and consonant characters
        let cnt_vowel = 0, cnt_consonant = 0;
        // Checking if count of vowels and consonants are the same or not
        for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            if (isVowel(allsubstrings[i][j]))
                cnt_vowel++;
            else
                cnt_consonant++;
        }
 
        if (cnt_vowel === cnt_consonant)
            console.log(allsubstrings[i]);
    }
}
 
// Function to print all substrings
function subString(str) {
    // Length of the input string
    let n = str.length;
    // Resultant array storing all substrings
    let res = [];
 
    // Pick starting point
    for (let len = 1; len <= n; len++) {
        // Pick ending point
        for (let i = 0; i <= n - len; i++) {
            // Print characters from current
            // starting point to current ending
            // point.
            let j = i + len - 1;
 
            // Storing each substring using tmp
            let tmp = "";
            for (let k = i; k <= j; k++)
                tmp += str[k];
 
            res.push(tmp);
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
// Driver code
let str = "geeks"; // Input string
 
// Function Call
let allsubstrings = subString(str);
 
// Function Call
all_substrings(allsubstrings);

Output

ge
ek
geek
eeks

Time complexity: O(N^3)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: To solve the problem follow the below idea:

In this approach, we traverse through two loops and store the start and end indices of every substring in a vector that has an equal number of vowels and consonants.

Steps involved in this approach:

First, we traverse a for loop which depicts the starting positions of the substrings.
Then an inner loop is traversed which in every iteration checks if the current character is a vowel or consonant.
We increment the count of vowels or consonants based on these if conditions.
If at any instance the number of vowels and consonants are equal then we add the start and end indices of that current substring.
After both loops are traversed then print all the substrings with the indices present in the vector.

Below is the code for the above approach:

C++

// C++ code for above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Initialising vector
vector<pair<int, int> > ans;
 
// Function to check if character is
// vowel or consonant.
bool isVowel(char c)
{
    return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
           || c == 'u';
}
 
// Function to print all
// possible substring
void all_substring(string s, int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int count_vowel = 0, count_consonant = 0;
        for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
 
            // If vowel increase its count
            if (isVowel(s[j]))
                count_vowel++;
 
            // If consonant increase
            // its count
            else
                count_consonant++;
 
            // If equal vowel and consonant
            // in the substring store the
            // index of the starting and
            // ending point of that substring
            if (count_vowel == count_consonant)
                ans.push_back({ i, j });
        }
    }
 
    // Printing all substrings
    for (auto x : ans) {
        int l = x.first;
        int r = x.second;
 
        cout << s.substr(l, r - l + 1) << endl;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    string s = "geeks";
    int n = s.size();
 
    // Function call
    all_substring(s, n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code for above approach
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class Main {
    // List to store the starting and ending indices of the substrings
    static List<Pair> ans = new ArrayList<>();
 
    // Function to check if a character is a vowel
    static boolean isVowel(char c) {
        return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u';
    }
 
    // Custom implementation of the Pair class
    static class Pair {
        int key, value;
        Pair(int key, int value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }
    }
 
    // Function to find all substrings with equal number of vowels and consonants
    static void allSubstring(String s, int n) {
        // Iterating over all substrings
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int countVowel = 0, countConsonant = 0;
            for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
                // If character is a vowel, increase the count of vowels
                if (isVowel(s.charAt(j))) {
                    countVowel++;
                } 
                // If character is a consonant, increase the count of consonants
                else {
                    countConsonant++;
                }
                // If the count of vowels and consonants is equal in the current substring
                if (countVowel == countConsonant) {
                    // Add the indices of the starting and ending of the substring to the list
                    ans.add(new Pair(i, j));
                }
            }
        }
        // Print all the substrings with equal number of vowels and consonants
        for (Pair x : ans) {
            int l = x.key;
            int r = x.value;
            System.out.println(s.substring(l, r + 1));
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Input string
        String s = "geeks";
        int n = s.length();
        // Call to the function to find all substrings
        allSubstring(s, n);
    }
}
    
// This code is contributed by Utkarsh Kumar.

Python3

# Python code for above approach
 
# Initialising list
ans = []
 
# Function to check if character is
# vowel or consonent.
def isVowel(c):
    return c in ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
 
# Function to print all
# possible substring
def all_substring(s, n):
    for i in range(n):
        count_vowel = 0
        count_consonant = 0
        for j in range(i, n):
 
            # If vowel increase its count
            if isVowel(s[j]):
                count_vowel += 1
 
            # If consonent increase
            # its count
            else:
                count_consonant += 1
 
            # If equal vowel and consonant
            # in the substring store the
            # index of the starting and
            # ending point of that substring
            if count_vowel == count_consonant:
                ans.append((i, j))
 
    # Printing all substrings
    for x in ans:
        l = x[0]
        r = x[1]
 
        print(s[l:r + 1])
 
# Driver Code
s = "geeks"
n = len(s)
 
# Function call
all_substring(s, n)
 
# This code is contributed by prasad264

C#

// C# code for above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class GfG 
{ 
 
  // Initialising vector
  static List<Tuple<int, int> > ans=new List<Tuple<int,int>>();
 
  // Function to check if character is
  // vowel or consonent.
  static bool isVowel(char c)
  {
    return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
      || c == 'u';
  }
 
  // Function to print all
  // possible substring
  static void all_substring(string s, int n)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      int count_vowel = 0, count_consonant = 0;
      for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
 
        // If vowel increase its count
        if (isVowel(s[j]))
          count_vowel++;
 
        // If consonent increase
        // its count
        else
          count_consonant++;
 
        // If equal vowel and consonant
        // in the substring store the
        // index of the starting and
        // ending point of that substring
        if (count_vowel == count_consonant)
          ans.Add(Tuple.Create(i, j));
      }
    }
 
    // Printing all substrings
    foreach (var x in ans)
    {
      int l = x.Item1;
      int r = x.Item2;
 
      Console.WriteLine(s.Substring(l, r - l + 1));
    }
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void Main(String[] args) 
  {
    string s = "geeks";
    int n = s.Length;
 
    // Function call
    all_substring(s, n);
  }
}

Javascript

// Javascript code for above approach
 
// Initialising vector
let ans = [];
 
// Function to check if character is
// vowel or consonent.
function isVowel(c)
{
    return c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o'
           || c == 'u';
}
 
// Function to print all
// possible substring
function all_substring(s, n)
{
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        let count_vowel = 0, count_consonant = 0;
        for (let j = i; j < n; j++) {
 
            // If vowel increase its count
            if (isVowel(s[j]))
                count_vowel++;
 
            // If consonent increase
            // its count
            else
                count_consonant++;
 
            // If equal vowel and consonant
            // in the substring store the
            // index of the starting and
            // ending point of that substring
            if (count_vowel == count_consonant)
                ans.push({ first:i, second:j });
        }
    }
 
    // Printing all substrings
    for (let i = 0; i < ans.length; i++) {
        let l = ans[i].first;
        let r = ans[i].second;
        document.write(s.substr(l, r - l + 1));
        document.write("</br>");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
 
    let s = "geeks";
    let n = s.length;
 
    // Function call
    all_substring(s, n);

Output

ge
geek
eeks
ek

Time Complexity: O(N²)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Suggest improvement

Minimum days to achieve the String

Find the value of K after replacing every index of the array by |ai - K|

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Print all Substrings of a String that has equal number of vowels and consonants

C++

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