Program to check for ISBN

Last Updated : 17 Feb, 2023

An ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a 10 digit number that is used to identify a book.
The first nine digits of the ISBN number are used to represent the Title, Publisher and Group of the book and the last digit is used for checking whether ISBN is correct or not.

The first 9 digits of it, can take any value between 0 and 9, but the last digits, sometimes may take value equal to 10; this is done by writing it as ‘X’.

To verify an ISBN, calculate 10 times the first digit, plus 9 times the second digit, plus 8 times the third digit and so on until we add 1 time the last digit. If the final number leaves no remainder when divided by 11, the code is a valid ISBN.

Examples :

Input : 007462542X
Output : Valid
007462542X = 10*0 + 9*0 + 8*7 + 7*4 + 6*6 + 
        5*2 + 4*5 + 3*4 + 2*2 + 1*10 = 176
Since 55 leaves no remainder when divided 
by 11, hence it is a valid ISBN.

Input : 0112112425
Output : Invalid
0112112425 = 10*0 + 9*1 + 8*1 + 7*2 + 6*1 +
           5*1 + 4*1 + 3*4 + 2*2 + 1*5 = 71
Since 71 is not divisible by 11, given number
is not a valid ISBN.

Now, we design a program to accept a ten digit code from the user and then we will check whether a number is ISBN or not. Display an appropriate message.

Implementation:

C++

// CPP program to check if a  
// given ISBN is valid or not 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
bool isValidISBN(string& isbn) 
{ 
    // length must be 10 
    int n = isbn.length(); 
    if (n != 10) 
        return false; 
  
    // Computing weighted sum  
    // of first 9 digits 
    int sum = 0; 
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)  
    { 
        int digit = isbn[i] - '0'; 
        if (0 > digit || 9 < digit) 
            return false; 
        sum += (digit * (10 - i)); 
    } 
  
    // Checking last digit. 
    char last = isbn[9]; 
    if (last != 'X' && (last < '0' ||  
                        last > '9')) 
        return false; 
  
    // If last digit is 'X', add 10  
    // to sum, else add its value. 
    sum += ((last == 'X') ? 10 :  
                  (last - '0')); 
  
    // Return true if weighted sum  
    // of digits is divisible by 11. 
    return (sum % 11 == 0); 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    string isbn = "007462542X"; 
    if (isValidISBN(isbn)) 
        cout << "Valid"; 
    else
        cout << "Invalid"; 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to check if  
// a given ISBN isvalid or not 
  
class GFG  
{ 
    static boolean isValidISBN(String isbn) 
    { 
        // length must be 10 
        int n = isbn.length(); 
        if (n != 10) 
            return false; 
  
        // Computing weighted sum 
        // of first 9 digits 
        int sum = 0; 
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)  
        { 
            int digit = isbn.charAt(i) - '0'; 
            if (0 > digit || 9 < digit) 
                return false; 
            sum += (digit * (10 - i)); 
        } 
  
        // Checking last digit. 
        char last = isbn.charAt(9); 
        if (last != 'X' && (last < '0' ||  
                            last > '9')) 
            return false; 
  
        // If last digit is 'X', add 10  
        // to sum, else add its value 
        sum += ((last == 'X') ? 10 : (last - '0')); 
  
        // Return true if weighted sum  
        // of digits is divisible by 11. 
        return (sum % 11 == 0); 
    } 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        String isbn = "007462542X"; 
        if (isValidISBN(isbn)) 
            System.out.print("Valid"); 
        else
            System.out.print("Invalid"); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed 
// by Anant Agarwal. 

Python3

# Python code to check if a  
# given ISBN is valid or not. 
  
def isValidISBN(isbn): 
  
    # check for length 
    if len(isbn) != 10: 
        return False
      
    # Computing weighted sum  
    # of first 9 digits 
    _sum = 0
    for i in range(9): 
        if 0 <= int(isbn[i]) <= 9: 
            _sum += int(isbn[i]) * (10 - i) 
        else: 
            return False
          
    # Checking last digit 
    if(isbn[9] != 'X' and 
       0 <= int(isbn[9]) <= 9): 
        return False
      
    # If last digit is 'X', add  
    # 10 to sum, else add its value. 
    _sum += 10 if isbn[9] == 'X' else int(isbn[9]) 
      
    # Return true if weighted sum of  
    # digits is divisible by 11 
    return (_sum % 11 == 0) 
  
# Driver Code 
isbn = "007462542X"
if isValidISBN(isbn): 
    print('Valid') 
else: 
    print("Invalid") 
      
# This code is contributed 
# by "Abhishek Sharma 44" 

C#

// C# program to check if a given 
// ISBN isvalid or not. 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
      
    static bool isValidISBN(string isbn) 
    { 
          
        // length must be 10 
        int n = isbn.Length; 
        if (n != 10) 
            return false; 
  
        // Computing weighted sum of  
        // first 9 digits 
        int sum = 0; 
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
        { 
            int digit = isbn[i] - '0'; 
              
            if (0 > digit || 9 < digit) 
                return false; 
                  
            sum += (digit * (10 - i)); 
        } 
  
        // Checking last digit. 
        char last = isbn[9]; 
        if (last != 'X' && (last < '0' 
                         || last > '9')) 
            return false; 
  
        // If last digit is 'X', add 10  
        // to sum, else add its value. 
        sum += ((last == 'X') ? 10 : 
                          (last - '0')); 
  
        // Return true if weighted sum  
        // of digits is divisible by 11. 
        return (sum % 11 == 0); 
    } 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
          
        string isbn = "007462542X"; 
          
        if (isValidISBN(isbn)) 
            Console.WriteLine("Valid"); 
        else
            Console.WriteLine("Invalid"); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to check if a  
// given ISBN is valid or not. 
  
function isValidISBN($isbn) 
{ 
    // length must be 10 
    $n = strlen($isbn); 
    if ($n != 10) 
        return -1; 
  
    // Computing weighted sum 
    // of first 9 digits 
    $sum = 0; 
    for ($i = 0; $i < 9; $i++) 
    { 
        $digit = $isbn[$i] - '0'; 
        if (0 > $digit || 9 < $digit) 
            return -1; 
        $sum += ($digit * (10 - $i)); 
    } 
  
    // Checking last digit. 
    $last = $isbn[9]; 
    if ($last != 'X' && ($last < '0' ||  
                         $last > '9')) 
        return -1; 
  
    // If last digit is 'X', add 10  
    // to sum, else add its value. 
    $sum += (($last == 'X')  
      ? 10 : ($last - '0')); 
  
    // Return true if weighted sum of  
    // digits is divisible by 11. 
    return ($sum % 11 == 0); 
} 
  
// Driver code 
$isbn = "007462542X"; 
if (isValidISBN($isbn)) 
    echo "Valid"; 
else
    echo "Invalid"; 
  
// This code is contributed by ajit. 
?> 

Javascript

<script> 
    // Javascript program to check if a given 
    // ISBN isvalid or not. 
      
    function isValidISBN(isbn) 
    { 
            
        // length must be 10 
        let n = isbn.length; 
        if (n != 10) 
            return false; 
    
        // Computing weighted sum of  
        // first 9 digits 
        let sum = 0; 
        for (let i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
        { 
            let digit = isbn[i] - '0'; 
                
            if (0 > digit || 9 < digit) 
                return false; 
                    
            sum += (digit * (10 - i)); 
        } 
    
        // Checking last digit. 
        let last = isbn[9]; 
        if (last != 'X' && (last < '0' || last > '9')) 
            return false; 
    
        // If last digit is 'X', add 10  
        // to sum, else add its value. 
        sum += ((last == 'X') ? 10 : (last - '0')); 
    
        // Return true if weighted sum  
        // of digits is divisible by 11. 
        return (sum % 11 == 0); 
    } 
      
    let isbn = "007462542X"; 
            
    if (isValidISBN(isbn)) 
      document.write("Valid"); 
    else
      document.write("Invalid"); 
          
</script>

Output

Valid

Time Complexity: O(1),as loop is running for constant number of times.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no extra space is required, so it is a constant.

The above code checks for ISBN 10. The recent version of ISBN is ISBN 13 (in 2005).

Suggest improvement

Print a String in wave pattern

Representation of a number in powers of other

Share your thoughts in the comments

Program to check for ISBN

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

Javascript

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