Open In App

Stratified Boxplot in R Programming

Improve
Improve
Like Article
Like
Save
Share
Report

A boxplot is a graphical representation of groups of numerical data through their quartiles. Box plots are non-parametric that they display variation in samples of a statistical population without making any assumptions of the underlying statistical distribution. The spacings between the different parts of the box in a boxplot indicate the degree of dispersion and skewness in the data and show outliers. Boxplot can be drawn either vertically or horizontally. Boxplot got their name from the box in the middle. Stratified boxplots are used to examine the relationship between a categorical and a numeric variable, between strata or groups defined by a third categorical variable. Stratified Boxplots are useful when it comes to comparing categorical variables. 

Implementation in R

In R programming stratified boxplot can be formed using the boxplot() function of the R Graphics Package.

Syntax: 

boxplot(formula, data = NULL, …, subset, na.action = NULL, xlab = mklab(y_var = horizontal),

             ylab = mklab(y_var =!horizontal), add = FALSE, ann = !add, horizontal = FALSE, drop = FALSE,

             sep = “.”, lex.order = FALSE)

boxplot(x, …, range = 1.5, width = NULL, varwidth = FALSE, notch = FALSE, outline = TRUE, names, plot = TRUE,

             border = par(“fg”), col = NULL, log = “”, pars = list(boxwex = 0.8, staplewex = 0.5, outwex = 0.5),

             ann = !add, horizontal = FALSE, add = FALSE, at = NULL) 

Parameter

Description

formula a formula.
data a data.frame/list from which the variables in the formula should be taken.
subset an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used for plotting.
na.action a function which indicates what should happen when the data contain NAs.
xlab,ylab x- and y-axis annotation. Can be suppressed by ann=FALSE.
add logical, if true add boxplot to the current plot.
ann logical indicating if axes should be annotated (by xlab and ylab).
horizontal logical indicating if the boxplots should be horizontal; default FALSE means vertical boxes.
x

for specifying data from which the boxplots are to be produced. 

Either a numeric vector or a single list containing such vectors.

range this determines how far the plot whiskers extend out from the box.
width a vector giving the relative widths of the boxes making up the plot.
varwidth

if varwidth is TRUE, the boxes are drawn with widths proportional to 

the square-roots of the number of observations in the groups.

notch if the notch is TRUE, a notch is drawn in each side of the boxes.
outline if the outline is not true, the outliers are not drawn.
names group labels that will be printed under each boxplot.
boxwex a scale factor to be applied to all boxes.
staplewex staple line width expansion, proportional to box width.
outwex outlier line width expansion, proportional to box width.
plot

if TRUE (the default) then a boxplot is produced. Else the summaries

 which the boxplots are based on are returned.

border an optional vector of colors for the outlines of the boxplots.
cols

if col is non-null it is assumed to contain colors to be used to color 

the bodies of the box plots.

logs character indicating if x or y or both coordinates should be plotted in log scale.
pars a list of (potentially many) more graphical parameters.
at

numeric vector giving the locations where the boxplots should be drawn, 

particularly when add = TRUE.

for the formula method, named arguments to be passed to the default method.

Example 1: 

To plot the stratified boxplot use mtcars datasets of the datasets library in R. mtcars datasets contains data from the Motor Trend Car Road Tests. Here let’s plot the mileage(miles/gallons in this case) of different cars to the number of gears they have.

R




# Import the required library
library(datasets)
  
# Import the dataframe
cars <- data.frame(mtcars)
  
# Using boxplot()
boxplot(mpg~gear, data = mtcars,
        main = "Different boxplots for number of gears.",
        xlab = "No.of gears",
        ylab = "Mileage",
        col = "orange",
        border = "brown"
)


Boxplot_mtcars

Example 2: 

The dataset we are working with here is the LungCapData dataset which contains data on lung capacities of smokers and non-smokers of different age groups. The structure of the datasets has 6 variables each signifying lung capacity, age, height, smoke(‘yes’ for a smoker and ‘no’ for a non-smoker), gender(male/female), and Caesarean(yes/no) of a person. We will divide the ages into groups and then try to plot stratified boxplots for the lung capacity of smokers vs non-smokers with age strata. Please download the CSV file here.

R




# Load the dataset
LungCapData <- read.csv("LungCapData.csv", header = T)
LungCapData <- data.frame(LungCapData)
attach(LungCapData)
  
# Catgorise Age into groups
AgeGroups <- cut(LungCapData$Age,
                 breaks = c(0, 13, 15, 17, 25),
                 labels = c("<13", "14/15", "16/17", ">=18"))
head(LungCapData)
  
# BoxPlot 1
boxplot(LungCapData$LungCap~LungCapData$Smoke,
        ylab = "Capacity"
        main = "Lung Capacity of Smokers Vs Non-Smokers",
        las = 1)
  
# BoxPlot 2
boxplot(LungCapData$LungCap[LungCapData$Age>=18]~LungCapData$Smoke[LungCapData$Age>=18],
        ylab = "Capacity",
        main = "Lung Capacity of Smokers Vs Non-Smokers",
        las = 1)
  
# BoxPlot 3
boxplot(LungCapData$LungCap~LungCapData$Smoke*AgeGroups,
        ylab = "Capacity", xlab = "",
        main = "Lung Capacity of Smokers Vs Non-Smokers",
        col = c(4, 2), las = 2)


Output:

# Boxplot 1

Boxplot 1 plots the lung capacity of smokers and non-smokers, where no symbolize non-smokers, and yes symbolizes smokers.

BoxPlot1

By analyzing the above-shown boxplot we can clearly say the lung capacity of non-smokers is lower as compared to that of smokers on an average.

# Boxplot 2

Boxplot 2 plots the lung capacity of smokers and non-smokers of age group greater or equal to 18, where no symbolizes non-smokers and yes symbolizes smokers.

BoxPlot2

# Boxplot 3

Boxplot 3 plots the lung capacity of smokers and non-smokers of the different age groups in the dataset where blue-colored boxplots are for non-smokers and red is for smokers.

BoxPlot3



Last Updated : 11 Oct, 2020
Like Article
Save Article
Previous
Next
Share your thoughts in the comments
Similar Reads