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Vehicle Count Prediction From Sensor Data

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Prerequisite: Regression and Classification | Supervised Machine Learning

Sensors which are placed in road junctions collect the data of no of vehicles at different junctions and gives data to the transport manager. Now our task is to predict the total no of vehicles based on sensor data.

This article explains how to deal with sensor data given with a timestamp and predict the count of the vehicle at a particular time,

Data Set Description:

This dataset contains 2  attributes. They are Datetime and Vehicles. Where Vehicles is the class label.

Link for download this data – click here

The class label is of numeric type. So the regression technique is well suited for this problem. Regression is used to map the data into a predefined function it is a supervised learning algorithm that is used to predict the value based on historical data. We can perform regression on our data if the data is numeric. Here class label Ie Vehicles attribute is the class label which is numeric so regression should be done. 

Random Forest Regressor is an ensemble technique that takes the input and builds trees then takes the mean value of all trees per row/per tuple. 

Syntax: RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100, *, criterion=’mse’, max_depth=None, min_samples_split=2, min_samples_leaf=1, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, max_features=’auto’, max_leaf_nodes=None,min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None, bootstrap=True, oob_score=False, n_jobs=None,random_state=None, verbose=0, warm_start=False, ccp_alpha=0.0, max_samples=None)
 

Approach:

  • Import necessary modules
  • Load the dataset
  • Analyze the data
  • Convert DateTime attribute to week, days, hours, month, etc (which is in timestamp format.)
  • Build the model
  • Train the model
  • Test the data
  • Predict the results

Step 1: Importing the pandas module for loading the data frame.

Python3




# importing the pandas module for
# data frame
import pandas as pd
 
 
# load the data set into train variable.
train = pd.read_csv('vehicles.csv')
 
# display top 5 values of data set
train.head()


 
 

Output:

 

 

Step 2: Define the functions for getting month, day, hours from the Timestamp (DateTime) and load it into different columns.

 

Python3




# function to get all data from time stamp
 
# get date
def get_dom(dt):
    return dt.day
 
# get week day
def get_weekday(dt):
    return dt.weekday()
 
# get hour
def get_hour(dt):
    return dt.hour
 
# get year
def get_year(dt):
    return dt.year
 
# get month
def get_month(dt):
    return dt.month
 
# get year day
def get_dayofyear(dt):
    return dt.dayofyear
 
# get year week
def get_weekofyear(dt):
    return dt.weekofyear
 
 
train['DateTime'] = train['DateTime'].map(pd.to_datetime)
train['date'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_dom)
train['weekday'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_weekday)
train['hour'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_hour)
train['month'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_month)
train['year'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_year)
train['dayofyear'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_dayofyear)
train['weekofyear'] = train['DateTime'].map(get_weekofyear)
 
# display
train.head()


Output:

Step 3: Separate the class label and store into the target variable 

Python3




# there is no use of DateTime module
# so remove it
train = train.drop(['DateTime'], axis=1)
 
# separating class label for training the data
train1 = train.drop(['Vehicles'], axis=1)
 
# class label is stored in target
target = train['Vehicles']
 
print(train1.head())
target.head()


 
 

Output:

 

 

Step 4: Create and train the data using Machine Learning algorithms and predict the results after testing.

 

Python3




#importing Random forest
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
 
#defining the RandomForestRegressor
m1=RandomForestRegressor()
 
m1.fit(train1,target)
#testing
m1.predict([[11,6,0,1,2015,11,2]])


Output:

array([9.88021429])


Last Updated : 12 Oct, 2021
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