Vocational Education in India

The main motivation for giving vocational training in India is to close the gap between the demand and supply of competent labor, to provide alternative education for those seeking higher education, and, most importantly, to improve individuals’ employability. A competent and skilled workforce is regarded as the most significant human capital required for a country’s success. Both vocational education and skill development have been shown to boost individual productivity, employer profitability, and country growth. Vocational education strives to develop skilled labor through a variety of courses to satisfy the needs of the unorganized sector, as well as to instill self-employment abilities in youngsters through a variety of vocational courses. 

Given that only 7 to 10% of the population is employed in the official sector of the economy, the growth of vocational education will supply a trained labor force in the informal sector, hence increasing productivity. The most important human capital essential for a country’s development is a competent and skilled workforce. Individual productivity, employer profitability, and country growth have all been shown to increase with vocational education and skill development. Vocational education aims to develop skilled labor through a variety of courses in order to meet the needs of the unorganized sector, as well as to instill self-employment skills in children through a number of vocational courses. Given that only 7 to 10% of the population works in the formal sector of the economy, the expansion of vocational education will provide a trained labor force in the informal sector, enhancing productivity.

The Central Advisory Board on Education (CABE) and the National Knowledge Commission (NKC) both emphasize the importance of improving access to and participation in vocational education NYC also suggests increasing capacity through novel delivery models, as well as enhancing public-private partnerships. In light of this, the government has reemphasized vocational education in the XI and XII Five Year Plans.

• Secondary Education Vocationalization Since 1988, the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Vocationalization of Secondary Education at the + 2 levels has been in operation. Since 1992-93, a redesigned plan has been in effect. The Scheme provides financial assistance to states in order to establish administrative structures, conduct area vocational surveys, develop curriculum, textbooks, workbook curriculum guides, training manuals, and teacher training programs, and strengthen technical support systems for research and development, training, and evaluation, and so on. It also provides financial help to non-governmental organizations and volunteer organizations for the implementation of special creative programs for short-term courses.
• The scheme provides two-year vocational courses in ordinary schools at the higher secondary level. The current Scheme has been modified in response to the recommendations of several Committees/Review Groups. It is advocated for the 12th Plan that the Scheme be incorporated under RMSA and implemented from the secondary level (IX standard) itself, as opposed to the current provision for implementation from the XI standard.

In India, what is the current state of vocational education? 

• There are 9583 schools that offer 150 two-year vocational courses in various areas of the primary, intermediate, and tertiary sectors of the economy. The massive infrastructure of 21000 sections in 9619 schools, serves about 10 lakh students at the secondary level. Furthermore, the National Institute of Open Schooling provides vocational education in 80 courses. There are approximately 6,000 students enrolled in these courses.
• WAY AHEAD With the introduction of the NVEQF, the availability of vocational education institutions and students will be greatly expanded. According to the updated Vocationalization of Secondary Education Scheme, the Center will establish a vocational education cell inside the Central Board of Secondary Education, which incorporates vocational education in Classes XI and XII. It also calls on state governments to strengthen the 1,000 current vocational schools. The government will help 500 vocational schools and foster public-private partnerships. The government will also fund in-service training for both current and new teachers.
• The emphasis will be on developing 250 competency-based modules for each unique vocational course, as well as assisting 150 non-governmental organizations in running short-term innovative education programs. The NVEQF plan should be expanded to include all states and union territories. Infrastructure must be supplied in accordance with the vocational training offered. Participation of private industry in the selection of vocational courses and the creation of a curriculum will be desirable for the success of NVEQF. Close connections with the industry must be developed in order to anticipate market needs and build courses accordingly.

The National Institute of Open Schooling’s Role (NIOS)

NIOS vocational provides vocational courses via open and distance learning (ODL), employing a hybrid learning strategy that combines open distance learning approaches with hands-on training. Currently, 15 states have open schools. Throughout the country, more than 1400 Accredited Vocational Institutions (AVI) are in operation.

Vocational Education Revitalization: National Vocational Qualification Scheme (NVQF)

The Ministry of Human Resource Development has begun the process of developing a National Vocational Qualification Framework (NVQF), which will serve as a common reference framework for linking various vocational qualifications and establishing common principles and guidelines for a nationally recognised qualification system and standards. NVEQF will be adopted across the country in schools, polytechnics, engineering institutes, and other colleges. The NVEQF was established with the goal of bridging skill gaps and providing skilled workforce to many emerging sectors in India, as well as preparing youth for a career of their choosing.

The following are few vocational training institutions 

• Maharashtra Vocational Training Center Institute
• Vocational institute (VTI), Maharashtra
• West Bengal Board of Vocational Education and Training, West Bengal
• Delhi Institute of Vocational Training Centre
• Vaghaldhara Vibhag Kelavani Mandal (VVKM)
• SAP FICO Training Institute in Hyderabad, etc are located in across India for providing vocational training.

Sample Questions

Question 1: What is the motivation of Vocational training scheme?

Answer:

The main motivation for giving vocational training in India is to close the gap between the demand and supply of competent labor, to provide alternative education for those seeking higher education, and, most importantly, to improve individuals’ employability.

Question 2:  Write about role of CABE and NKC which are emphasize the importance of vocational education.

Answer: 

The Central Advisory Board on Education (CABE) and the National Knowledge Commission (NKC) both emphasize the importance of improving access to and participation in vocational education NYC also suggests increasing capacity through novel delivery models, as well as enhancing public-private partnerships. In light of this, the government has reemphasized vocational education in the XI and XII Five Year Plans.

Question 3: What are the two organizations given vocational training in India ?

Answer: 

The two organizations in India provide vocational training. 

• Industrial Training Institutes: It is provided by government institute for technical education.
• Polytechnics: A privately operated Industrial Training Centre.