Count of Subsets with given Difference
Last Updated :
03 Jan, 2024
Given an array arr[] of size N and a given difference diff, the task is to count the number of partitions that we can perform such that the difference between the sum of the two subsets is equal to the given difference.
Note: A partition in the array means dividing an array into two parts say S1 and S2 such that the union of S1 and S2 is equal to the original array and each element is present in only of the subsets.
Examples:
Input: N = 4, arr[] = [5, 2, 6, 4], diff = 3
Output: 1
Explanation: We can only have a single partition which is shown below:
{5, 2} and {6, 4} such that S1 = 7 and S2 = 10 and thus the difference is 3
Input: N = 5, arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2], diff = 1
Output: 5
Explanation: We can have five partitions which is shown below
{1, 3, 1} and {2, 2} – S1 = 5, S2 = 4
{1, 2, 2} and {1, 3} – S1 = 5, S2 = 4
{3, 2} and {1, 1, 2} – S1 = 5, S2 = 4
{1, 2, 2} and {1, 3} – S1 = 5, S2 = 4
{3, 2} and {1, 1, 2} – S1 = 5, S2 = 4
- Suppose the array is partiotioned in two subsets with sum S1 and S2, so we know that,
- S1 + S2 is the total sum array nums
- S1 – S2 is the given diff
- Subtracting the two equations we would get,
- sum – diff = (S1 + S2) – (S1 – S2) = 2*S2 . So, S2 = ( sum – diff ) / 2
- From this we get the idea that an element X can be partiotioned in only one way when the difference between the two partitions is given.
- Therefore, in this case of array the total number of possible ways depends on the number of possible ways to create a subset having sum S2.
So we can use the concept of recursion to generate all possible subsets with sum S2. For each element there are two choices: either be a part of the subset S2 or not.
In the above idea, there are conditions visible that must be satisfied for the subset to exist:
- The difference between array sum and diff must be a positive number and
- This value must be an even number (As this is the same as 2*S2).
Time Complexity: O(2N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)
Efficient Approach: The idea is similar as the naive one. But here we will use the idea of dynamic programming to optimize the time complexity.
Upon close observation, it can be seen that any state can be uniquely defined unsing two parameters, one parameter represents the index, and the other one represents the sum (S2) of the subset formed using elements from the starting till that index.
So, we can count the number of ways to form the subset from each state and can reuse them to avoid repeated calculations.
Follow the steps mentioned below to implement the approach:
- Calculate the sum of the array.
- Create a 2 dimensional array dp[][] with dimension (N * array sum) to store the calculated value of each state.
- Traverse the array using recursion and generate two calls.
- If the value for the state is already calculated, reuse the value.
- Otherwise there are two cases:
- If adding the current element will not make the currentSum more than S2, then generate two calls, one with the current element added to the currentSum and the other without adding it.
- If adding the current element increases currentSum above S2, then we only generate one call without adding the current element.
- If the currentSum is equal to S2 then we return 1.
- Return the final value received in this way as the answer.
Below is the implementation of the above approach.
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int dp[1001][10000];
int countSubsets(vector<int>& v, int i, int S2,
int currentSum)
{
if (currentSum == S2) {
return 1;
}
if (i >= v.size()) {
return 0;
}
if (dp[i][currentSum] != -1) {
return dp[i][currentSum];
}
if (currentSum + v[i] > S2) {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
else {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2,
currentSum + v[i])
+ countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
}
int countSub(vector<int>& vp, int N, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (auto& value : vp)
sum += value;
if (sum - diff < 0 || (sum - diff) % 2 == 1) {
return 0;
}
return countSubsets(vp, 0, (sum - diff) / 2, 0);
}
int main()
{
int N = 5;
vector<int> arr = { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
int diff = 1;
memset(dp, -1, sizeof(dp));
cout << countSub(arr, N, diff) << endl;
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
class GFG
{
static int dp[][] = new int[1001][10000];
static int countSubsets(int[] v, int i, int S2,
int currentSum)
{
if (currentSum == S2) {
return 1;
}
if (i >= v.length) {
return 0;
}
if (dp[i][currentSum] != -1) {
return dp[i][currentSum];
}
if (currentSum + v[i] > S2) {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
else {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2,
currentSum + v[i])
+ countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
}
static int countSub(int[] vp, int N, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int value : vp)
sum += value;
if (sum - diff < 0 || (sum - diff) % 2 == 1) {
return 0;
}
return countSubsets(vp, 0, (sum - diff) / 2, 0);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int N = 5;
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
int diff = 1;
for(int i = 0; i <1001; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j <10000; j++)
{
dp[i][j] = -1;
}
}
System.out.print(countSub(arr, N, diff));
}
}
|
Python3
dp = [[-1 for _ in range(10000)] for _ in range(1001)]
def countSubsets(v, i, S2, currentSum):
global dp
if (currentSum == S2):
return 1
if (i >= len(v)):
return 0
if (dp[i][currentSum] != -1):
return dp[i][currentSum]
if (currentSum + v[i] > S2):
dp[i][currentSum] = countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum)
return dp[i][currentSum]
else:
dp[i][currentSum] = countSubsets(
v, i + 1, S2, currentSum + v[i]) + countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum)
return dp[i][currentSum]
def countSub(vp, N, diff):
sum = 0
for value in vp:
sum += value
if (sum - diff < 0 or (sum - diff) % 2 == 1):
return 0
return countSubsets(vp, 0, (sum - diff) // 2, 0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
N = 5
arr = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2]
diff = 1
print(countSub(arr, N, diff))
|
C#
using System;
class GFG {
static int[,] dp = new int[1001, 10000];
static int countSubsets(int[] v, int i, int S2,
int currentSum)
{
if (currentSum == S2) {
return 1;
}
if (i >= v.Length) {
return 0;
}
if (dp[i, currentSum] != -1) {
return dp[i, currentSum];
}
if (currentSum + v[i] > S2) {
return dp[i, currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
else {
return dp[i, currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2,
currentSum + v[i])
+ countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
}
static int countSub(int[] vp, int N, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
foreach (int value in vp)
sum += value;
if (sum - diff < 0 || (sum - diff) % 2 == 1) {
return 0;
}
return countSubsets(vp, 0, (sum - diff) / 2, 0);
}
public static void Main()
{
int N = 5;
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
int diff = 1;
for(int i = 0; i <1001; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j <10000; j++)
{
dp[i, j] = -1;
}
}
Console.WriteLine(countSub(arr, N, diff));
}
}
|
Javascript
<script>
var dp = new Array(10000);
for (var i = 0; i < dp.length; i++) {
dp[i] = new Array(1001);
}
function countSubsets(v, i, S2, currentSum)
{
if (currentSum == S2) {
return 1;
}
if (i >= v.length) {
return 0;
}
if (dp[i][currentSum] != -1) {
return dp[i][currentSum];
}
if (currentSum + v[i] > S2) {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
else {
return dp[i][currentSum]
= countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2,
currentSum + v[i])
+ countSubsets(v, i + 1, S2, currentSum);
}
}
function countSub(vp, N, diff)
{
let sum = 0;
for (let value in vp)
sum += vp[value];
if (sum - diff < 0 || (sum - diff) % 2 == 1) {
return 0;
}
return countSubsets(vp, 0, Math.floor((sum - diff) / 2), 0);
}
let N = 5;
let arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 ];
let diff = 1;
for( i = 0; i <1001; i++)
{
for(let j = 0; j <10000; j++)
{
dp[i][j] = -1;
}
}
document.write(countSub(arr, N, diff));
</script>
|
Time Complexity: O(N*(sum of the subset))
Auxiliary Space: O(N * array sum)
Another Approach:
- Start by including the necessary header files and defining the standard namespace.
- Define the function countSub that takes a vector of integers v, an integer n (denoting the size of the vector), and an integer diff as input parameters.
- Calculate the sum of all elements in the vector v using a for loop and store it in the variable sum.
- If the value of diff is greater than sum, then return 0 as it is impossible to form a subset with the required difference.
- If the sum of diff and sum is an odd number, then return 0 as it is not possible to divide the sum into two subsets with equal sums.
- Calculate the sum of the required subset (which will have a sum of (diff+sum)/2) and store it in the variable s2.
- Create a 2D array dp of size (n+1) x (s2+1) and initialize the first row with 1’s and the first column with 0’s.
- Use a nested for loop to fill the dp array using the dynamic programming approach. For each element dp[i][j], if v[i-1] (the value of the i-th element in the vector v) is greater than j, then copy the value of dp[i-1][j] to dp[i][j], else calculate the value of dp[i][j] as dp[i-1][j] + dp[i-1][j-v[i-1]].
- Return the value of dp[n][s2], which will be the number of possible subsets with the required difference.
- In the main function, define two test cases with their respective inputs and print the output of the countSub function for each test case.
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int countSub(vector<int>& v, int n, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int dp[n + 1][s2 + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
dp[i][0] = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= s2; j++)
dp[0][j] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= s2; j++) {
if (v[i - 1] > j)
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j];
else
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j]
+ dp[i - 1][j - v[i - 1]];
}
}
return dp[n][s2];
}
int main()
{
int n, diff;
vector<int> v;
n = 5, diff = 1;
v = { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
cout << countSub(v, n, diff) << endl;
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.util.*;
class Main {
public static int countSub(ArrayList<Integer> v, int n, int diff) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v.get(i);
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][s2 + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
dp[i][0] = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= s2; j++)
dp[0][j] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= s2; j++) {
if (v.get(i - 1) > j)
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j];
else
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i - 1][j - v.get(i - 1)];
}
}
return dp[n][s2];
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n, diff;
ArrayList<Integer> v = new ArrayList<>();
n = 5;
diff = 1;
v.add(1);
v.add(2);
v.add(3);
v.add(1);
v.add(2);
System.out.println(countSub(v, n, diff));
}
}
|
Python3
def countSub(v, n, diff):
sum = 0
for i in range(n):
sum += v[i]
if diff > sum:
return 0
if (diff + sum) % 2 != 0:
return 0
s2 = (diff + sum) // 2
dp = [[0] * (s2 + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]
for i in range(n + 1):
dp[i][0] = 1
for j in range(1, s2 + 1):
dp[0][j] = 0
for i in range(1, n + 1):
for j in range(s2 + 1):
if v[i - 1] > j:
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j]
else:
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i - 1][j - v[i - 1]]
return dp[n][s2]
n = 5
diff = 1
v = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2]
print(countSub(v, n, diff))
|
C#
using System;
class Geek
{
static int CountSub(int[] v, int n, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, s2 + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
dp[i, 0] = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= s2; j++)
dp[0, j] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j <= s2; j++)
{
if (v[i - 1] > j)
dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j];
else
dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j] + dp[i - 1, j - v[i - 1]];
}
}
return dp[n, s2];
}
static void Main()
{
int n, diff;
int[] v;
n = 5;
diff = 1;
v = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
Console.WriteLine(CountSub(v, n, diff));
}
}
|
Javascript
const countSub = (v, n, diff) => {
let sum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 !== 0)
return 0;
let s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
let dp = new Array(n + 1);
for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++)
dp[i] = new Array(s2 + 1);
for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++)
dp[i][0] = 1;
for (let j = 1; j <= s2; j++)
dp[0][j] = 0;
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j <= s2; j++) {
if (v[i - 1] > j)
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j];
else
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i - 1][j - v[i - 1]];
}
}
return dp[n][s2];
}
let n, diff;
let v;
n = 5, diff = 1;
v = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2];
console.log(countSub(v, n, diff));
|
Time Complexity: O(N * S), where N is the number of elements in the input vector and S is the sum of all the elements in the vector.
Auxiliary Space: O(N * S), as we are using a 2D array of size (N+1) x (S+1) to store the intermediate results of the dynamic programming approach.
Efficient approach : Space optimization
In previous approach the current value dp[i][j] is only depend upon the current and previous row values of DP. So to optimize the space complexity we use a single 1D array to store the computations.
Implementation:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int countSub(vector<int>& v, int n, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int dp[s2 + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= s2; i++)
dp[i] = 0;
dp[0] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = s2; j >= v[i]; j--) {
dp[j] += dp[j - v[i]];
}
}
return dp[s2];
}
int main()
{
int n, diff;
vector<int> v;
n = 5, diff = 1;
v = { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
cout << countSub(v, n, diff) << endl;
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.util.Arrays;
public class SubarraySumDifference {
static int countSub(int[] v, int n, int diff) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int[] dp = new int[s2 + 1];
Arrays.fill(dp, 0);
dp[0] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = s2; j >= v[i]; j--) {
dp[j] += dp[j - v[i]];
}
}
return dp[s2];
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5, diff = 1;
int[] v = {1, 2, 3, 1, 2};
System.out.println(countSub(v, n, diff));
}
}
|
Python3
def countSub(v, n, diff):
sum = 0
for i in range(n):
sum += v[i]
if diff > sum:
return 0
if (diff + sum) % 2 != 0:
return 0
s2 = (diff + sum) // 2
dp = [0] * (s2 + 1)
dp[0] = 1
for i in range(n):
for j in range(s2, v[i] - 1, -1):
dp[j] += dp[j - v[i]]
return dp[s2]
n = 5
diff = 1
v = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2];
print(countSub(v, n, diff))
|
C#
using System;
class Program {
static int CountSub(int[] v, int n, int diff)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += v[i];
if (diff > sum)
return 0;
if ((diff + sum) % 2 != 0)
return 0;
int s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
int[] dp = new int[s2 + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= s2; i++)
dp[i] = 0;
dp[0] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = s2; j >= v[i]; j--) {
dp[j] += dp[j - v[i]];
}
}
return dp[s2];
}
static void Main()
{
int n, diff;
int[] v;
n = 5;
diff = 1;
v = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 };
Console.WriteLine(CountSub(v, n, diff));
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
|
Javascript
function countSub(v, n, diff) {
let sum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum += v[i];
}
if (diff > sum) {
return 0;
}
if ((diff + sum) % 2 !== 0) {
return 0;
}
let s2 = (diff + sum) / 2;
let dp = new Array(s2 + 1).fill(0);
dp[0] = 1;
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (let j = s2; j >= v[i]; j--) {
dp[j] += dp[j - v[i]];
}
}
return dp[s2];
}
let n = 5;
let diff = 1;
let v = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2];
console.log(countSub(v, n, diff));
|
Time Complexity: O(N * S)
Auxiliary Space: O(S)
Share your thoughts in the comments
Please Login to comment...