mbrtoc32() in C/C++ with Examples
Last Updated :
04 Sep, 2018
The mbrtoc32() is a built-in function in C/C++ which converts a narrow multibyte character to a 32 bit character representation. It is defined within the uchar.h header file of C++.
Syntax:
size_t mbrtoc32( char32_t* pc32, const char* s, size_t n, mbstate_t* ps);
Parameters: The function accepts four mandatory parameter which are described below:
-
s : specifies to the multibyte character to convert.
-
pc32 : specifies to the memory location to store the resulting 32 bit character.
-
n : specifies the maximum number of bytes in s to convert.
-
ps : specifies to an mbstate_t object used when interpreting the multibyte string.
Return Value: The function returns five values as follows:
-
0 if the converted character is a null character.
-
the number of bytes (at most n) of the multibyte character that was successfully converted to 32 bit character.
-
-3 if the next char16_t from a multi-char32_t character (e.g. a surrogate pair) has now been written to *pc32. No bytes are processed from the input in this case.
-
-2 if the next n bytes constitute an incomplete, but so far valid, multibyte character. In this case nothing is written to *pc32.
-
-1 if encoding error occurs. In this case nothing is written to *pc32, errno is set to EILSEQ and the value of *ps is unspecified.
Below programs illustrate the above function.
Program 1:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <uchar.h>
#include <wchar.h>
using namespace std;
int main( void )
{
char32_t pc32;
char s[] = "S" ;
mbstate_t ps{};
int length;
length = mbrtoc32(&pc32, s, MB_CUR_MAX, &ps);
if (length < 0) {
perror ( "mbrtoc32() fails to convert" );
exit (-1);
}
cout << "Multibyte string = " << s << endl;
cout << "Length = " << length << endl;
printf ( "32-bit character = 0x%04hx\n" , pc32);
return 0;
}
|
Output:
Multibyte string = S
Length = 1
32-bit character = 0x0053
Program 2:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <uchar.h>
#include <wchar.h>
using namespace std;
int main( void )
{
char32_t pc32;
char s[] = "S" ;
mbstate_t ps{};
int length;
length = mbrtoc32(&pc32, s, MB_CUR_MAX, &ps);
if (length < 0) {
perror ( "mbrtoc32() fails to convert" );
exit (-1);
}
cout << "Multibyte string = " << s << endl;
cout << "Length = " << length << endl;
printf ( "32-bit character = 0x%08hx\n" , pc32);
return 0;
}
|
Output:
Multibyte string = S
Length = 1
32-bit character = 0x00000053
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